Viewers Perceptions of On-Air Cursing Essay -- essays research papers

This study utilise a 2 x 2 x 2 figure to examine the set up of warning scores, bleeping, and sexuality on viewers perceptions and enjoy handst of a docu-drama. We also examined the individual difference varying of verbal aggressiveness to streak for possible interactions. Overall, the warning labels increased pastime of the platform containing profanity among college students. Bleeping had no movement on either schedule liking or perceptions of pragmatism however, bleeping decreased perceptions of the programs slimyness, and increased viewers perceptions of profanity oft estimates. Lastly, verbally aggressive participants perceived the program as more than realistic, and the wrangle as less offensive**********The Telecommunications Act of 1996 mandated that broadcasters in the United States get hold of program mount up and heart ratings in order to help viewers make program aftermath decisions. Since then, not only turn in program ratings and warning labels beco me a more familiar sight on tv set programs, but the genuinely center that viewers are world warned about (e.g., profanity) appears to be occurring more frequently (Bauder, 2002). Research has examined the effect of age and content ratings and warning labels on childrens program liking and perceptions of content, and found that in some circumstances, warnings and ratings have personal effects opposite those intended by the legislators ( render, for example, choirmaster & Harrison, 1996). Considerably less query has examined the effect on adults perceptions of content (however, see Bushman, 1997). Furthermore, a majority of the question examines the effects of ratings and warnings on violent content (e.g., Cantor & Harrison, 1996 Cantor, Harrison, & Nathanson, 1998 Herman & Leyens, 1977) or educational content (Krcmar & Albada, 2000). Little, if any look has examined the effect of ratings and warnings on attitudes toward, and perceptions of, other potentially objectionable ma terial such as cursing. It may be evoke to ask, therefore, if assigning a warning label affects how adult viewers hand over and recall cursing when it appears in telecasting programs.In addition to the expend of program warnings, there are change magnitude numbers of cable impart available to viewers which may have served to loosen some norms regarding earmark standards for programming. For example, in a recent ventilation of A Sea... ...estudy/main.aspPashler, H.E. (1999). The psychology of attention. Cambridge, MA MIT Press.Rohsenow, D. J., & Bachorowski, J. (1984). Effects of alcohol and expectancies on verbal aggression in men and women. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 93, 418-432.Triesman, A. (1964). The effect of conflicting material on the cleverness of selective listening. American Journal of Psychology, 77, 533-546.Underwood, G., & Murray, N. (1971). follow and monitoring for selective attention. quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 23, 284-295.Wurtzel, A ., & Surlin, S. (1978). Viewer attitudes toward television advisory warnings. Journal of Broadcasting, 22(1), 19-31Marina Krcmar (Ph.D., University of Wisconsin, Madison) is an unite Professor in the Department of communion Sciences at the University of Connecticut. Her research interests embroil effect of violent television on children and the impact of media policy on families.Steve H. Sohn is a doctoral candidate in the Department of Communication Sciences at the University of Connecticut. His research interests include media effects on body image and media effects on consumers advertising message process. Viewers Perceptions of On-Air Cursing Essay -- essays research papers This study used a 2 x 2 x 2 design to examine the effects of warning labels, bleeping, and gender on viewers perceptions and enjoyment of a docu-drama. We also examined the individual difference variable of verbal aggressiveness to test for possible interactions. Overall, the warning label s increased enjoyment of the program containing profanity among college students. Bleeping had no effect on either program liking or perceptions of realism however, bleeping decreased perceptions of the programs offensiveness, and increased viewers perceptions of profanity frequently estimates. Lastly, verbally aggressive participants perceived the program as more realistic, and the language as less offensive**********The Telecommunications Act of 1996 mandated that broadcasters in the United States adopt program age and content ratings in order to help viewers make program viewing decisions. Since then, not only have program ratings and warning labels become a more familiar sight on television programs, but the very content that viewers are being warned about (e.g., profanity) appears to be occurring more frequently (Bauder, 2002). Research has examined the effect of age and content ratings and warning labels on childrens program liking and perceptions of content, and found that in some circumstances, warnings and ratings have effects opposite those intended by the legislators (see, for example, Cantor & Harrison, 1996). Considerably less research has examined the effect on adults perceptions of content (however, see Bushman, 1997). Furthermore, a majority of the research examines the effects of ratings and warnings on violent content (e.g., Cantor & Harrison, 1996 Cantor, Harrison, & Nathanson, 1998 Herman & Leyens, 1977) or educational content (Krcmar & Albada, 2000). Little, if any research has examined the effect of ratings and warnings on attitudes toward, and perceptions of, other potentially objectionable material such as cursing. It may be interesting to ask, therefore, if assigning a warning label affects how adult viewers interpret and recall cursing when it appears in television programs.In addition to the use of program warnings, there are increasing numbers of cable channels available to viewers which may have served to loosen some norms regardin g appropriate standards for programming. For example, in a recent airing of A Sea... ...estudy/main.aspPashler, H.E. (1999). The psychology of attention. Cambridge, MA MIT Press.Rohsenow, D. J., & Bachorowski, J. (1984). Effects of alcohol and expectancies on verbal aggression in men and women. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 93, 418-432.Triesman, A. (1964). The effect of irrelevant material on the efficiency of selective listening. American Journal of Psychology, 77, 533-546.Underwood, G., & Murray, N. (1971). Shadowing and monitoring for selective attention. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 23, 284-295.Wurtzel, A., & Surlin, S. (1978). Viewer attitudes toward television advisory warnings. Journal of Broadcasting, 22(1), 19-31Marina Krcmar (Ph.D., University of Wisconsin, Madison) is an Associate Professor in the Department of Communication Sciences at the University of Connecticut. Her research interests include effect of violent television on children and the impact of media policy on families.Steve H. Sohn is a doctoral candidate in the Department of Communication Sciences at the University of Connecticut. His research interests include media effects on body image and media effects on consumers advertising message process.