The Financial Collapse Of 2008 - 1546 Words

After the financial collapse of 2008, the mortgage environment changed dramatically for both buyers and brokers. In order to protect consumers and raise confidence in the market, the Federal Reserve Board introduced regulations that limited what banks and mortgage originators could do such as curtailing certain business practices and imposing stricter requirements on capital. However, these actions have unintentionally affected broker competition, causing big banks to exit the housing market, which has led to the proliferation of shadow banks and higher-risk practices. These unforeseen consequences could potentially put the housing market at risk by creating a negative environment for consumers instead. The new regulations that were†¦show more content†¦This prevents mortgage brokers and loan officers from steering consumers into considering riskier loans in order to earn higher compensation. The regulations also removed the incentives that would entice brokers to push consumers into higher-yield plans by prohibiting brokers from sharing commissions with loan officers, who must be paid a salary. While the Federal Reserve had the intention of eliminating these unethical lending practices, the result was a deterrence from the independent mortgage business overall. Without the prospect of earning commissions, loan officers lose incentive of accepting deals that would take relatively longer periods of time to close. They would be paid the same rate regardless of the kind of loan they make to borrowers. Furthermore, the regulations also have an important consequence when considered with the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, where under â€Å"section 1413 of the Dodd-Frank Act, which states that any violation of the loan originator compensation rules will offer the borrower a ‘defense to foreclosure’ for the life of the loan† (Smith, 2011). Under this rule, a delinquent borrower can potentially prevent his or her lender from foreclosing on a loan if the borrower finds a violation of the compensation rules under Regulation Z. Consequentl y, large banks would be deterred from buying mortgages withShow MoreRelatedGlobal Financial Collapse Of 2008908 Words   |  4 PagesEconomic growth is mostly stagnated and has been since the global financial collapse of 2008. This collapse led people into different avenues of providing financially for their families and themselves, mostly due to the loss of jobs. In addition to that, people had surrendered to the idea that their financial futures would be threatened and that there is not secure job as that is a paradigm of the past. It appeared that the only viable option would be to start a business of their own. In an effortRead MoreThe Financial Collapse Of 2007 / 20081406 Words   |  6 PagesThe financial collapse of 2007/2008 was due to the significance of sub-prime mortgages and mortgage-backed securities. A sub-prime mortgage is a mortgage given to individuals who are refused prime mortgages. Whilst mortgage-backed securities is when banks securitise mortgages by pooling them together and then selling them to investors. Investors then receive monthly interest and principal payments, whilst banks receive a fee for the sale. In 2007/2008 those who had sub-prime mortgages were failingRead MoreFinancial Crisis Essay834 Words   |  4 Pagesof its biggest financial crisis in history and it all started in 2007 when the real estate market crashed. Real Estate prices began to collapse and early delinquencies in underwritten subprime mortgages began to spike. The financial crisis continued up to October 2008. The Federal Reserve and other organs of the United States government responded by flooding the markets with money and other liquidity, reducing interest rates, providing unprecedented assistance to major financial institutions, increasingRead MoreThe Great Recession And The Housing Crisis1600 Words   |  7 PagesThe whole section is divided into segments, the former talking about the recession of 2007 -2008 and the Housing bubble and the latter talk s about the newspapers articles and other opinions of economists which support the idea of approaching bubble. These reflect the conditions in those specific areas related to them or demonstrate the housing behavior in overall United States. THE GREAT RECESSION The financial crisis that began in August 2007 has been the most severe of the post-World War II era andRead MoreWhat Caused the Economic Collapse of 2008?1085 Words   |  5 PagesEconomic Crash of 2008? Throughout history there has always been some sort of a class struggle. The rich always seemed to get richer while the poor barely managed to get by. One of the main things that contributed to the ever-expanding gap between the rich and the poor was greed. Whether it was the greed for money or for power, greed was certainly a driving force. More recently, the greed of several, rich and powerful individuals helped to cause one of the largest financial collapses of modern timesRead MoreThe Issue Of Corporate Greed1287 Words   |  6 Pagesa life-ruining, economy-changing financial crisis be skewed for dramatic effect?† The Big Short tells the story of the financial crisis of 2008 and tackles the issue of corporate greed in the form of the true stories of a few men who saw the crisis coming. The issue is not overblown at all. This can be observed by simply looking to the devastation and chaos caused by banks trying to make money by preying on the poor and un-informed in the y ears following 2008. Most of us are old enough to rememberRead MoreThe Financial Crisis Of 2007-20081419 Words   |  6 Pagesof the recent credit crunch. The financial crisis of 2007–2008, also known as the Global Financial Crisis and 2008 financial crisis, is considered by some economists such as Nouriel Roubini, professor of economics and international business at New York University, Kenneth Rogoff, professor of economics and public policy at Harvard University, and Nariman Behravesh, chief economist and executive vice president for IHS Global Insight, to have been the worst financial crisis since the Great DepressionRead MoreCredit Derivatives in the Recent Global Financial Crisis1671 Words   |  7 PagesCredit Derivatives in the recent Global Financial Crisis 1.0 Introduction: In the recent times credit derivatives have become a very popular financial security for investors. If we take a look at the chart given below we can see how the popularity of credit derivatives increased in the past decade. The maximum volume of derivatives was traded during the years 2005 to 2007 of which 2006 was the highest at $2000bn. Then when the financial crisis occurred at the end of 2007 the trading decreased rapidlyRead MoreTheu.s. Housing Market And The U.s. Financial Crisis1448 Words   |  6 Pagesbetween 2007 and 2009, led to the biggest global financial crisis. The impact of this crisis extended over the world, and the economies of many countries were damaged. Kawai stated that: ‘The ongoing global crisis has had a profound impact on the Asia and Pacific region, particularly on its exports.’ (2009:1) There were a lot of factors which brought about the crisis. Due to limited space, this essay will look at the U.S. housing market and the U.S. financial system, and discuss the increasing demand ofRead MoreEthics in Business - Abc Learning Case Study1641 Words   |  7 Pagesservices in Australia by 1997. Led by founder Eddy Groves, ABC Learning Ltd continued to grow, through the opening of new centres and the acquisitions of rivals i.e. peppercorn Childcare in 2004 in which 450 centres were purchased for $340 million. â€Å"By 2008, ABC Learning was the largest provider of childcare, holding around 20 per cent of the long day care market and providing care to over 100 000 children† (Senate education, employment workplace relations committee, 2009). In 2005 Mr Groves began an

So do you consider yourself a human or an animal How can...

So do you consider yourself a human or an animal? How can someone show inhumanity towards other? When we are at the verge of death or have not ate anything for weeks, our nature tells us to do everything we can to survive even if it means fighting to the death over food. Some people were put into a situation of every man for himself and their animal nature comes out wanting everything for themselves and doing what they have to in order to survive. If we kill each other for food or survival, then we are no longer human but rather animals. We can see this in Night by Elie Wiesel, historical and current events, and everyday observation and/or experience. The idea of we killing each other for food or survival makes us animal rather human is†¦show more content†¦Meir saw his father as a prey, something weak and easy to kill. After Meir killed his father, other hungry saw them as a target because of Meir having bread in his possession and he too died. Meir’s and the other guys’ actions on the train were animal-like because they killed each other for food trying to feed themselves. Another example of humans acting like animals instead was when Elie himself tried all he could to drink air in the pile of bodies. â€Å"I tried to rid myself of my invisible assassin. My whole desire to live became concentrated in my nails. I scratched, I fought for a break of air. I tore at decaying flesh that did not respond. All I can say is I prevailed. I succeeded in digging a hole in that wall of dead and dying people, a small hole in the wall to find air.†(Wiesel, 94). Elie’s focus was to do all he could to live eve n if it meant clawing through other people’s flesh in order to get a gap of air to breath. Elie at that time was like an animal because his desire to live was in his nails trying to tear at bodies to get through and drink air. A predator devotes its life to hunting and surviving. Doing all it can to get food and stay alive even if it means killing their own kind.. Elie is the same because he was tearing through dying people just to save himself and not caring about the others’ life. So when we are at the verge of death, we turn into animals and fight for our own survival. The idea of we killing each other for food orShow MoreRelatedCruelty and Mans Inhumanity976 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"POTENTIAL FOR MAN’S INHUMANITY TO MAN† The novel â€Å"Night† shows that there is great inhumanity and cruelty displayed from this personal journey of Elie Wiesel. The Nazi are the ringleaders behind it all gradually making the Jews feel like nothing and only pawns for work. The Germans strip the Jews to nothing and take away everything close to them, separation from loved ones, isolation, transportation and the ruthless, cold actions towards them in the camps such as starvation, selections of theRead MoreMan s Inhumanity Of Man2301 Words   |  10 PagesHumans face good and evil on a daily basis but cannot conclude who belongs to each category unless we observe an action to judge them off of. The dictionary definition for inhumanity means â€Å"extremely cruel or brutal behavior† (â€Å"inhumanity† Oxford Dictionary). While humanity means â€Å"the human race; humans being collectively† (â€Å"humanity† Oxford Dictionary). In the world we live in today, the rightful thing to do is to b e humane to one another. As we all know, one of the most inhumane events in historyRead MoreThe Consequences Of Man s Inhumanity1401 Words   |  6 PagesThe Consequences of Man’s Inhumanity to Man Charles Dickens wrote A Tale of Two Cities in 1859, a novel that focuses on the French Revolution. Regardless of it being written sixty years after the Revolution, the spirit of the Revolution was still alive throughout Europe. In his book, Dickens shares his thoughts about poverty, the inequality between social classes, along with the inhumane violence that resulted from these things. Dickens is also able to connect with his readers through many themesRead MoreAnimal Testing : Is It Inhumanity Or Science?1249 Words   |  5 PagesHarjinder Kaur May.17, 2016 Animal Testing: Is It Inhumanity or Science? The idea of using animals in research has been a widely controversial subject for many years, is it inhumanity or science? Every being holds their own perspective towards animals. They may consider animals as machine-like creatures with no consciousness, while others view animals as spiritual creatures who have feelings and emotions just like human beings. For decades, animals have been used for further experimentalRead MoreThe Inhumanity of Death Penalty892 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Since the economic crisis started in 1997, an increasing number of people in Indonesia are thrown into the harsh reality of joblessness. More than 40 million people are without a reliable income from employment in Indonesia today. Rates of criminality have increased, not least as a consequence of weakened state and police power since the fall of Soehartosauthoritarian regime in 1998.† (Kristiansen, 2003) According to Kristiansen in her article Violent youth groups in Indonesia: the cases of YogyakartaRead MoreMans Inhumanity to Man Essay957 Words   |  4 PagesMans inhumanity to man is a phrase that was first written down by the poet Robert Burns in his poem titled Man was made to mourn: A Dirge in 1784. Many and sharp the numrous ills Inwoven with our frame! More pointed still we make ourselves Regret, remorse, and shame! And man, whose heavn-erected face The smiles of love adorn, - Mans inhumanity to man Makes countless thousands mourn! This phrase has been displayed throughout history including in the times in which theRead MoreHumanity And Inhumanity In The Lottery, By Shirley Jackson778 Words   |  4 Pageshappiness; however, in â€Å"The Lottery,† the winner is rewarded by being brutally stoned by her neighbors and believed friends. â€Å"The Lottery,† written by Shirley Jackson in 1948, highlights how complacently our society reacts to the pointless brutality and inhumanity towards others. To demonstrate this, Jackson examines social constructs, women’s place and how instead focusing too strongly on strict traditions, we need to reexamine these rituals to determine their necessity and if they are still beneficialRead MoreThe View Of Inhumanity In The Lottery, By Shirley Jackson890 Words   |  4 Pagesalike. Instead of a big happy prize Jackson wrote the story to point out meaningless victimization and inhumane activities that have taken place throughout history. Some violent and dark events of that time that highlight Jackson’s viewpoint of inhumanity include the Holocaust, McCarthyism, racism towards minorities, WWII etc. Jackson also emphasizes how humans become attached to their traditions and blindly follow them without questioning their rhyme or reason. Jackson uses seemingly ordinary detailsRead MoreEssay Moral Disengagement in the Perpetration of Inhumanities985 Words   |  4 PagesMoral Disengagement in the Perpetration of Inhumanities Summary This essay begins by talking about moral conduct and the different varieties of sanctions and self regulatory mechanisms that control human behavior. One way moral conduct is controlled is through social sanctions, which outlines the moral standards of society. Moral agency is said to have two aspects: inhibitive and proactive. The inhibitive factor expresses the will not to behave inhumanely whilst the Read MoreThe Humanity Of Inhumanity In Grendel, By John Gardner990 Words   |  4 PagesThe inhumanity of humanity is an intriguing paradox explored by John Gardner in his 1971 work, Grendel. Little is definitively known about the physique of the novel’s eponym, Grendel, but he is portrayed as decidedly inhuman; Grendel dwells on the skirts of humanity, in both a literal and figurative sense. While not human himself, Grendel experiences an incessant urge to explore humanity and the communities that compose it, including the Spear-Danes tribe. Through Grendel’s observations of human

Environmental Justice Across Class And Race - 3254 Words

My report is on Environmental Justice across Class and Race. Environmental Justice is the fair treatment and fair distribution of environmental protection. It is the meaningful involvement of all people regardless or face, color, sex, national origin, or income with respect to the development, implementation, and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations, and policies. It is the civil right of all people to be able to enjoy equally high levels of environmental protection. Environmental justice supporters have shown that this is no accident. Those communities of African American and Latinos, which are often low income, are regularly target to host hazards facilities that have negative environmental impacts. The Environmental Justice Movement started when a group of minorities started to notice that their environmental protection was been violated. It was violated by hazards facilities that were been place in their communities. The groups of minorities consist of African-Americans, and Latinos. The environmental justice movement came up with the fact that people who live, work and play in America’s most polluted environment are most likely to be people of color and the low income. As the Natural Resources Defense Council mentioned, â€Å"The statistics provide clear evidence of what the movement rightly calls â€Å"environmental racism.† The communities of color and Latinos of low-income have been battling this environment injustice for decades. The EnvironmentalShow MoreRelatedEcological Crisis Has Been Associated With The Environmental Pollution1307 Words   |  6 Pagesorganism particularly, the human race. The major ecological crisis has been associated with th e environmental pollution (Westra 122). Notably, race and ethnicity have been considered to be significant contributing factors to the ecological crisis than the economic income and class. Ecological crisis has since led to racism particularly in regions occupied by different races. For instance, the affluent black communities have been associated with high toxic environmental waste sites than the poorer whitesRead MoreEnvironmental Justice and Toxic Racism900 Words   |  4 PagesEnvironmental Justice and Toxic Racism Encouraged by diverse foundations from across the globe, The Environmental Justice movement has become one of the most important topics in the media. Europeans have used Marxist philosophy on class laddering, while non-Western countries required its encouragement in the criticism of colonialism. In the United States, The Civil Rights Movement was its forerunner. The notion of â€Å"Environmental Justice†, nevertheless, has its genesis in the resistance of blackRead MoreNineteen Lessons Of Environmental Sociology By Kenneth Gould And Tammy Lewis1324 Words   |  6 PagesThe authors of the book â€Å"Twenty Lessons in Environmental Sociology†, Kenneth Gould and Tammy Lewis, provide a critique on the interactions of various social systems and ecosystems by many different scholars and institutions. A combination of neo-Marxist ideas are used as a base of the world-system theory to create the system for the neoliberal theories (Gould and Lewis p. 39). The world-system th eory is looking into economic relationships based off of social changes that are occurring around theRead MoreEnvironmental Issues Of Environmental Justice1746 Words   |  7 PagesEnvironmental justice is a term coined in the United States that usually deals with two different things. One is the fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people regardless of race, color, national origin, or income with respect to the development, implementation, and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations, and policies. The other is a mixed body of social science literature pertaining to anything from environmental laws to political ecology. Primarily based around the conceptRead MoreIn The Last 100 Years, The Amount Of Greenhouse Gases In1405 Words   |  6 Pageson the main themes of international environmental justice. He outlines the basic foundations for claims of North–South distributional justice in the context of global environmental sustainability, which include the f actuality of natural resource limits, negative social and ecological externalities of economic globalization, need for greater democracy and participation in international environmental decision-making. The central obstacle to global environmental cooperation has to do with the lack ofRead MoreA Common Theory Of Criminology Essay1398 Words   |  6 Pagesand in sociology suggests that class and race are vital roles regional crime rates. Previous research indicates that the distribution of class and race within certain residential areas has a key role in the outcome of certain violent acts. In his study, Income Inequality, Race, and Place: Does the Distribution of Race and Class within Neighborhoods Affect Crime Rates, John R. Hipp states â€Å"Specifically, studies have tested how the distribution of economic resources across neighbor-hoods, as measuredRead MoreRace, Race And Racism Essay1396 Words   |  6 Pagesrhetorical commentary overview, that is used to examine and develop a better understanding of the terms, race and racism in society (critical race theory) (Stefancic and Delgado 1995, 177). By using the critical race theory and examining incidents of police misconduct, this will determine whether or not race plays a crucial factor. Additionally, this project encompasses a vast knowledge of the criminal justice system and the police departments of the United States of America. Furthermore, one must keep inRead MoreIn The Early 1980S, Environment Justice Activist Prioritized1727 Words   |  7 Pages In the early 1980s, Environment Justice activist prioritized their efforts to focus on the unequal amounts of waste dumps in minority communities. The increased awareness of these situations led to the development of EJ from the civil rights movement that happened around the same time. Environmental Justice is defined by its recognition that, â€Å"disparate and disproportionate environmental impacts occur among different communities across rac ial and socio-economic lines, affected communitiesRead MoreIs Philadelphia Environmentally Just?1615 Words   |  7 Pagesresidents of the area. As for a lesser known fact, the impacts of industry have often been unevenly distributed amongst social groups: Otherwise known as environmental inequality. Current theories on environmental inequality have commonly concluded that the phenomenon has two major factors, race and class. The effects of environmental inequality vary across time place and population. Based on my research, mapping, and statistics I was unable to attribute this issue to a dominant factor. Like many citiesRead MoreSenator Bernie Sanders Strengths And Weaknesses1283 Words   |  6 Pagesviews that oppose the other candidate’s views. This election is especially unique due to the increase in young adult’s active participation in the race. I believe that this increase is due to candidate Bernie Sanders who has shown a great appeal to young adults, inclu ding myself. He has not only shown great appeal to young adults but also white working-class voters. He has not gained much momentum with minority voters and older Americans and that has been a really big flaw with his candidacy. Sanders

Taking a Look at Plagiarism - 591 Words

Plagiarism Introduction: Innovative is the most pronounced word now-a-days. Any place, whether it is school, college, work place innovation is of utmost importance. We are expected to complete home work or a assignment by our own thinking or thought process. With the development of technology such as internet, communication devices ideas regardless of subject are shared and studied, at least viewed by numerous people. So, when a work or assignment is given, these new avenues are used for the time being to complete the given task. Using information from various books and websites by referencing the source is morally adaptable. But without any reference using others work maybe it is science, music, cinema, literature is immoral and this immoral act of copying is termed as ‘Plagiarism’. Plagiarism and its effects: Uniqueness coagulated with good success rate is very important for upcoming economies. Research has been the backbone of United States of America and Europe right from middle of 19th century. Research in the developing countries is on the downside exclusively due to Plagiarism. Thinking abilities are not being sharpened because of the availability of easy ways to complete a task. Fields being affected: Science is the most affected field of plagiarism. Developments in Science are on south side due toShow MoreRelatedAn article by Anna Jo Bratton, Associated Press, describes well the dangers of my topic: piracy. In1000 Words   |  4 PagesBratton, Associated Press, describes well the dangers of my topic: piracy. In the article, Bratton reported a recent legal matter that impacted Sarah Barg, a University of Nebraska-Lincoln sophomore, and her colleges. The RIAA, an anti-piracy and plagiarism society had suspected that many students at the university had been illegally downloading media content. Burg received an email concerning the matter, but she was ignorant and considered it a fluke or scam. The email suggested that she had supposedlyRead MorePlagiarism And Plagiarism1326 Words   |  6 PagesPlagiarism is when one use another person’s work or ideas without getting his permission. Oxford dictionary (2015) defines plagiarism as â€Å"The practice of taking someone else’s work or ideas and passing them off as one’s own†. The word origins, based on Oxford dictionary (2015), is coming from â€Å"the early 17th century, from the Latin word ‘plagiarius’ that means ‘kidnapper’†. Although the definition can help us understand better what plagiarism is, it is sometimes hard to know where the line crossRead MoreEssay on Plagiarism1301 Words   |  6 Pagescode of conduct at Clarion University plagiarism is â€Å"the use of anothers words without attribution and without enclosing the words in quotation marks. Plagiarism may also be defined as the act of taking the ideas or expressions of ideas of another person and representing them as ones own--even if the original paper has been paraphrased or otherwise modified.† (â€Å"Department of Nursing† ) A lot of people, including myself have been confused of what plagiarism really means. Through my research I foundRead MorePlagiarism : Ethical And Ethical Responsibilities850 Words   |  4 PagesPlagiarism refers to the purposeful or accidental use of text without properly giving credit to its author. Bucks County Community College, A Statement from the Facility states the following, â€Å"It must h elp them to make connections among disciplines, help them develop an integrated view of knowledge, and help them recognize that their use of knowledge always carries consequences, as well as moral and ethical responsibilities.† An elaborated look at this sentence defines the responsibility we as studentsRead MoreThe Effects of Plagiarism Essay947 Words   |  4 PagesPlagiarism, one of the main problems of academic life, is a simple subject to describe, but hard to avoid. It can be simply put in this way as in The Cambridge Dictionary; to use another persons idea or a part of their work and pretend that it is your own. As defined clearly in the dictionary, plagiarism is nothing but stealing someone else’s work. And yes, it is wrong to plagiarize, but most of the people continue to do it. One of the reasons for this is the ones who plagiarize don’t know whatRead More Plagiarism Essay1189 Words   |  5 PagesPlagiarism For many, many years schools have been trying to stop students from plagiarizing materials. Detecting this plagiarism used to be easy because students only had access to books in the library, magazines, and encyclopedias. However, as the popularity of the Internet increased, so did the number of essays and papers being plagiarized. Students can easily go onto the internet and in no time at all find and essay on their topic of choice. For a certain fee they can buy the essay andRead MoreStudent962 Words   |  4 PagesStudents and Plagiarism Plagiarism in the education system has risen over the last few years and has become an issue with the instructors due to the many ways students can access information to plagiarize and it has become an issue for students who lack the knowledge of what plagiarism really is. Plagiarism is using someone else’s work such as essays and reports and using them as your own. It also means taking words or sentences from books, newspapers, journalsRead More21st Century Cavemen : Technology1275 Words   |  6 PagesCavemen: Technology’s addition to plagiarism University is all about being studious and working through many late nights with the latest technology, in order to get the best grade. Unfortunately, the pressure to succeed can cause students to plagiarize. Which, can then lead to a zero on a term paper or a degree revocation. The consequences are harsh, but the crime fits the punishment and plagiarism is a serious academic offense. By taking a closer look at what plagiarism is and technology’s role inRead MoreThe Ecstasy Of Influence : Plagiarism1589 Words   |  7 PagesPlagiarism has been seen as a harmful practice when it comes to the preservation of an artist’s originality. Jonathan Lethem demonstrates the commonality and convenience of plagiarism by composing his article â€Å"The Ecstasy of Influence: A Plagiarism† of phrases and ideas of other writers; however, he also supports the claim that a person can rethink and reinterpret the understandings of other people and create an â€Å"originalâ₠¬  idea based off of them. Is this what Lethem truly means when he says thatRead MoreJames E. Porter’s Idea of Originality in Intertextuality and the Discourse Community778 Words   |  4 Pagesthe concept of plagiarism and the severity of its consequences. Since that moment I see myself focusing much more on paraphrasing and not committing plagiarism than the quality of the ideas that I am writing. However, I have noted that most of my ideas and opinions are probably based on somebody else’s work I might have read before. Therefore, is it not plagiarism? In the article â€Å"Intertextuality and the Discourse Community,† James E. Porter challenges the idea of what plagiarism truly is. He states

A Comparison Of Displays At The National Gallery And Tate Modern Free Essays

Introduction: James McNeill Whistler is credited not only with his famous mantra, ‘art for art’s sake’ (Ten O’clock Lecture, 1885), but also for stating that ‘an artist is not paid for his labor but for his vision’ (BrainyQuote/ThinkExist, 2012). It is this matter of communicative vision versus skilled labor that is the crucial difference in the curating of the 18th to early 20th century display at the National Gallery and the Transformed Visions display at Tate Modern. Vision is here defined as the concept or thinking around the message communicated by the art while the definition of labor is a combination of meticulous work and technique. We will write a custom essay sample on A Comparison Of Displays At The National Gallery And Tate Modern or any similar topic only for you Order Now Both displays show a variety of work painted, sculpted and conceived by artists moving away from the realistic painting school – and by realistic I mean painted to approximate our physical, observable world or to be â€Å"physically truthful† if you will – and moving towards an art of emotional truth. As both displays contain mainly relatively new art and artwork that is conceptual – albeit to a very varying degree – the essay will instead focus on the curating of the displays and the interpretation of what is important about a specific artwork and by extension about art itself. According to Cecilia Anderson (2007, p,72) ‘the curatorial challenge is to situate what at first may?seem like vastly different ideas and create coherence.’ The focus of the argument is therefore on how order and information provided creates this coherence. Despite the fundamentally similar impetus for the creation of the artworks displayed, the two galleries diverge in their displays’ interpretation of the importance of vision and labor on the following three points: The focus created by title of and initial information about the display The type of information provided in the wall-text The layout – i.e. the division and content of separate rooms – in the display A Comparison of Displays The first contrast between the two galleries is the difference in the initial contact between the observer and the display. While Tate Modern has given its display the title Transformed Visions, the National Gallery simply display their collection under the heading 1700 to 1900 or 18th to early 20th century. ‘Transformed Visions’ clearly indicates an emphasis on the driving forces behind the artworks themselves, and it is quickly derived that the art displayed within will be of a conceptual nature to a large extent. This impression is further confirmed by the information given about the purpose of the display; ‘After the Second World War, artists forged a new kind of expressive abstraction. This wing looks at the ongoing presence of the human figure within such works, as well as wider responses to violence and war, and the tendency towards contemplative immersion exemplified by Mark Rothko’s Seagram Murals.’ (Tate Modern, 2012) The expression ‘ongoing presence of the human figure’ suggests a transformative quality to this figure, making the human conceptual rather than an absolute physical form. In some cases, like in Giacometti’s ‘Man Pointing’ (see bibliography for illustrations of this and all further mentioned artwork) or Francis Bacon’s ‘Seated Figure’, the human form is abstracted and twisted in some way, yet still clearly approximating a human form – much in the same way as less realistic paintings like Degas’ ‘Combing the Hair’ or Daumier’s ‘Don Quixote and Sancho Panza’ exhibited towards the end of the National Gallery display. In other works like ‘Head I’ by Philip Guston the human figure is highly abstracted – being merely a silhouette of a possible head, much in the same way a ball could be mistaken for one in thick fog – and yet others abandon the physical figure altogether. Jackson Pollock’s ‘Yellow Islands’ is not a portrait of flesh, but of the psyche. As the wall-text explains: ‘By dripping and pouring paint, [Pollock] was able to work in a free and intuitive way, his thoughts and feelings finding direct expression in the rhythmic patterns he created.’ Thus in a way, Pollock’s painting is a self-portrait of his own mind, a new kind of human figure. In contrast to this focus on the mind behind the matter, the National Gallery’s naming of – and information about – their display places its works of art in a temporal and historical framework rather than an artistic thought. Most obvious is of course the name of the display; the visitor is instantly made aware of when the art he/she will see was created, yet not what it is about, unlike the Tate display which suggests a post-war period, yet does not limit itself to that only. Furthermore, the information provided about the display, as a whole, positions it historically: ‘it became more common for artists to paint smaller works that were exhibited and sold through art dealers and public exhibitions. In the 19th century, art movements [†¦] emerged, as did the idea of the independent artist who rebelled against the official art establishment.’ (National Gallery, 2012) Thus the display information draws focus to a history of art within the confines of merchants, movements and commissions rather than ideas, ideals and thoughts within the movements mentioned. Similarly, the second point of difference – the information provided in the wall-text – is also a matter of focus. As the National Gallery display covers quite a lot of time the information they provide about the works centers on biographical, historical and technical facts. Tate Modern, on the other hand, provides wall-text with some technical points, but brimming with information about the conception of the work, the ideas acted upon and the message the artist wanted to convey. Take for example the wall-text provided for Degas’ ‘After the Bath, Woman Drying Herself’ at the National Gallery: This densely worked pastel is executed on several pieces of paper mounted on cardboard. [†¦] This work is one of a series of similar subjects dating from this period, when bathers and dancers were the artist’s principal themes. Here Degas has exploited the flexibility of the pastel medium, creating sumptuous textures and blurred contours which emphasise the movement of the figure.’ (National Gallery, 2012) Then compare it to the information provided by Tate Modern about ‘Seated Figure’ by Francis Bacon: ‘Bacon’s portraits are explorations of the human condition as much as they are character studies [†¦] They also represent a complex exploration of pictorial space: the figure is simultaneously posed among some elegant items of furniture and confined within a box-like frame. This device, which was one of Bacon’s trademarks, underlines the sense of isolation as well as generating a claustrophobic psychological intensity.’ (Tate Modern, 2012) While the text in the National Gallery display talks of the ‘pieces of paper mounted on cardboard’, the ‘flexibility of the pastel medium’ and Degas’ use of bathers and dancers as themes, the text from Tate Modern comments on the artist’s general work as ‘character studies’, the box underlining a ‘sense of isolation as well as generating a claustrophobic psychological intensity.’ The first is about artistic fact, the second about interpretation of emotional artistic intent. Though these are merely two examples, the displays as a whole follow these lines in their wall-texts throughout. This prioritizing of information around the art further underlines the difference in approach taken by the two galleries; the National Gallery’s display – spanning over two centuries – focuses on the evolution of techniques and surrounding circumstances while Tate Modern’s display, with its snippet of a time frame, investigates the ideas of that time more closely. Both provide relevant information to their aim. Finally, there is the matter of the division and content within the displays themselves. The National Gallery’s display is divided into 13 rooms, each with an art historic theme like ‘France 1700-1800’ (room 33), ‘Canaletto and Guardi’ (room 38), ‘Degas and Art Around 1900’ (room 46) or ‘The Academy’ (room 41). Thus the National Gallery enforces the perception of art in a fixed, historical timeline through which the visitor can trace the evolution of themes, techniques, establishments or artistic development within a nation. This layout of the display makes the National Gallery an institution for the study of art history, but perhaps it is less suitable than the Tate Modern for the study of message-loaded art. The layout of Transformed Visions is all about the artistic impetus behind the work. The rooms are equipped not according to time period or artists, but according to the ideas the artists have in common. It is a different take on how to show the evolution of art. The display begins with alternative conceptions of what it means to display the human figure as the human itself. Germaine Richier’s ‘Shepherd of the Landes’ depicts a French shepherd who has become one with his stilts ‘achieving an insect-like adaptability’ (Tate Modern, 2012) and the caption on the wall comments on this as ‘striking a chord with the bleak image of humanity prevalent in Europe after the Second World War’ (Tate Modern, 2012). Moving from this concept of alternative images of the human figure itself, the display moves through ‘This Exquisite Forest’ – a web-based art project encouraging public contribution i.e. an abstracted virtual imprint of human life and connection, and finally leaves the visitor with the idea that the human figure does not have to be a figure at all. Mark Ruwedel and Ursula Schulz-Dornburg’s photographies towards the end of the display present the idea that things like bomb craters and train stations are ultimately imprints of humans because they are human-made, and in the very last room of the display finding nothing but Iranian flags stained by pollution cements the idea of extensions of humanity as humanity itself. While the National Gallery’s display moves chronologically through the time of art, Transformed Visions includes works from outside the era of its theme (post-war, see Room 5 of the display for example) in order to showcase the influences on the artist. In this way both the National Gallery and Tate Modern trace the historical placement of the art in the display – the National Gallery through linear history, allowing the art to show for itself who has been influenced by what, and the Tate Modern creates an alternative history traced through impact and idea. It can in fact be said that both the 18th to early 20th century display and Transformed Visions concern themselves with history as the primary and optimal way of displaying art. The difference is in how the displays consider history to move. While Tate Modern takes a conceptual approach to art history – the concept being that a linear history can be traced through ideas rather than events and physical happening – the National Gallery’s display centers on a traditional, physical history. However, the question is not, after all, a question about mind or matter. Rather, it is a question about the mind in the matter. One display sends a message from Whistler – indeed the National Gallery’s choice in display layout and information conveys an inclination towards Whistler’s idea – ‘art for art’s sake’ (Ten O’clock Lecture, 1885) – whilst the other is all about art as a mouth piece for political, philosophical and aesthetic issues. The 18th to early 20th century display at the National Gallery is designed to give minimal interpretation of the artworks. Instead the display is designed for the observation of the development of artistic ideas – artistic here meaning ideas about the making of the art and the art itself – to appreciate the craftsmanship that went into making it and to enjoy the impression left by well-made art. Transformed Visions is to the contrary all about art engaging in a political conversation with its surroundings. The focus is not necessarily on the craftsmanship that goes into making the piece but rather on what the piece means. While Hirschhorn’s ‘Candelabra with Heads’ may not require a lot of artistic craftsmanship – it is after all just mannequin heads gaffa-taped onto obscure lumps and a pole – it certainly requires artistic vision. Therefore, as stated in the introduction, the main contrast between the two displays is the matter of artistic labor and technique versus artistic vision and message. Both displays show a variety of work conceived by artists moving away from the realistic painting school – though of course the National Gallery’s display due to time span does begin in a more classicist strand of art – and moving towards a more emotionally and intellectually expressive form of art. Conclusion According to Joseph Ishikawa (1961, p. 238) ‘it is of prime importance for the museum man to know what he is peddling, to what he is converting people, why he is parting people from their money to support a particular program.’ In other words; in order to create a good display a curator must understand not only what the individual painting is saying but the display as a whole, and therefore deciding what information to provide visitors with varying knowledge with, becomes a crucial element of the display itself and therefore the focus of this essay. Despite the fundamentally similar impetus for the creation of the artworks exhibited, the two displays diverge in their choice of focus on aspects of the art. The National Gallery’s 18th to early 20th century display, is chronological and historical with a focus of information about the style of the artwork, the biographical details around the subjects and the artist and detailed information about the artistic movements and developments in techniques and thinking around art that all went into creating the work discussed. The Tate Modern Transformed Visions display presents a different chronology – a chronology of thought. The focus of the display is post-war thinking on humanity but where the idea fits, the time of creation of a work of art is insignificant and works like Joseph Mallord William Turner’s ‘Yacht Approaching the Coast’ – painted over a century before most of the works in the rest of the display – are still featured because of their influence, importance or other relation to the more contemporary artworks in question. The display in the National Gallery, taking up a full wing of an established institution, placed in a historical building with grand arches and great historical standing effectively canonizes the artworks on display – the art itself is the message. The Tate Modern display in the barren rooms of a modern building with modern ideas is a look into the recent past that casts a reflection into the future – an idea that the political or philosophical message of the art might override the appreciation of aesthetically pleasing forms. Ultimately, both displays concern themselves with the past of art and how it reflects on the present world of art and the direction it might be heading in the future. Art is not, after all, mind over matter, a choice of idea or aesthetic, but rather a combination of all four into different modes of expressions emphasising different concepts at different times and in different ways. REFERENCE LIST Reading: Anderson, C., 2007. Madrid Abierto: Curatorship, Public Art and the City, Building Materials [e-journal] 17, Available through: JSTOR [url: http://www.jstor.org/stable/29792339 ] [Accessed 21 November 2012) Brainy Quote, 2012, James Whistler Quotes [online] Available at: http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/quotes/j/jameswhist382345.html [Accessed on 17 November 2012] Ishikawa, J., 1961, Curatorship Training and Museology, Art Journal [e-journal] 20 (4) Available through: JSTOR [url: http://www.jstor.org/stable/774392] [Accessed 21 November 2012] James McNeill Whistler, 1885, Ten O’clock Lecture, Public lecture, Prince’s Hall [online] Available at: http://www.whistler.arts.gla.ac.uk/miscellany/tenoclock/ [Accessed on 18 November 2012] National Gallery, 2012, 18th to early 20th century: Collection Overview [online] http://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/paintings/collection-overview/collection-overview/*/viewPage/5 [Accessed on 16 November 2012] Tate Modern, 2012, Tate Collection Displays: Transformed Visions [online] Available at: http://www.tate.org.uk/whats-on/tate-modern/display/transformed-visions [Accessed on 16 November 2012] Tate Modern, 2012, Museum Map [online] Available at: http://www.tate.org.uk/download/file/fid/20671 [Accessed on 18 November 2012] Think Exist, 2012, James Whistler Quotes [online] Available at: http://thinkexist.com/quotation/an-artist-is-not-paid-for-his-labor-but-for-his/1273394.html [Accessed on 17 November 2012] Works without available illustration: Hirschhorn, T., 2006, Candelabra with Heads (London: Tate Modern Collection Displays) Ruwedel, M., 1999, printed 2008, Crater #1 (London: Tate Modern Collection Displays) Schulz-Dornburg, U., 2003, From Medina to Jordan Border, Saudi Arabia (London: Tate Modern Collection Displays) How to cite A Comparison Of Displays At The National Gallery And Tate Modern, Essay examples

Market mix paper free essay sample

General Motors is the organization in which I’m familiar with I was with this organization for eight years. However I work for Chrysler at this moment so I’m a little familiar with the automotive industry as a whole. How does market mix affects the development of General Motors marketing strategy and tactics? General Motors has a global marketing strategy and tactics vision which is to design, to build, and to sell the world’s finest vehicles. When designing their vehicle General Motors are focusing on their best products while lifting their global resources to form the most undeniable vehicles and technologies. When General Motors build their new sleet of vehicles they optimize their global market to be cost-effective as well as developing finest segmented vehicles. As General Motors plan marketing strategy and tactic for pricing to maximizing revenues with a focused product strategy, supplying globally vibrant vehicles to the marketplace that offer our customer’s higher residual value, with lower incentives and appropriate pricing. As general motors describe how their product is implemented first the demand for the goods has to be customer based therefore consumers will gladly purchased what is being produced. When implementing place the need is minor other than researching their current location globally to determine which location can produce the product most efficiently while increasing the effectiveness of the product to show significant impact on company profitability. Developing and managing automobiles to compete effectively and achieve goals the organization must be able to adjust its product mix. General Motors understand competition and customer attitudes and preferences. Marginal Analysis is another technique that general motors incorporate when analyzing what happens to the costs and revenues as production increases by one unit. This will determine at which point profit will be maximized, marginal analyzing will distinguish between fixed costs average fixed costs, variable costs average variable cost, total cost while focused on increasing productivity, price is being paid close attention to as well; price is major in this world of automotive. Price is implemented from the value exchanged for the product. The progression of pricing mechanisms starts at fixed versus variable. Most often dealer can change quickly in response to the shift in demand a shift in demand will reveal shifts in total revenue. In some cases pricing can be difficult to predict due to the environment and or the cost structures, pricing can also be difficult due to the competitors pricing. That’s when implementing the fourth element which is promotion. Promotion is a communications strategy, which integrates the promotion synthesis. Advertising is a popular way to communication about an organization or its products that is transmitted to a target audience through a medium: sales promotion: materials that act as a direct inducement, offering adding value, or incentive for the product, to resellers, sales people or consumers: trade promotions = 47% of promotional budget, consumer promotions = 28% Steps of the promotional program. General motors have steps in which they implement promotional programs step one consist of Identifying target audience and characteristics, and perception of product. Step two Define communications objectives such as content, structure, format source and select media and source. When implementing promotion you should take in to consideration Political stand point, personal portion, and evaluation and dealers choice. As General Motors continue to research the way they implement the four P’s they incorporate a worksheets that will help them gain better understand and tailor their marketing mix to ensure their customers’ needs and wants. The worksheet is setup to compare each element such as describing their products characteristics on one side of the worksheet and on the other side of worksheet will be describe their competitors’ products characteristics. The price worksheet is set up with the pricing strategies of their product advantages and disadvantages on one side of worksheet, on the other side of the worksheet their competitors advantages and disadvantage of pricing strategies. The place worksheet is set up as how General Motors product is distributed on one side and on the other side their competitor way of   distributing their product. The set up for promotion would consist of General Motors way of promoting on the right column (advertising, television, radio, electronic or work of mouth) and their competitor way of promoting on left column. According to â€Å"businesscasestudies â€Å" three more P’s have been added to the list of market mix P’s the new three P’s are people, processes and physical which are put in to place for extended marketing mix. These seven Ps make up the strategies of marketing and become the main point of the marketing plan. The key goal of a marketing leader is to develop and sustain a marketing mix that matches the requests of the consumers in the targeted market. Marketing segmentation contains separating the entire market into segments. A corporation selects the segments to become the targeted market. The final aim of market segmentation is to intensification sales, which will help market share and profits by enhanced understanding and replying to the desires of the different targeted customers. General Motor’s success is a direct result of knowing how to market a product and having the correct individuals representing the product. The marketing mix is the key elements in the success of the organization. The elements of marketing include marketing strategies, market objectives, situational analysis and the targeted market. The Best marketing strategies start with an executive summary that provides a brief summary of the current matters affecting an organization. This strategy is vital in identifying key structures of a marketing strategy. After the executive summary the organization finds out its present situation in the market using a situational analysis. A situational analysis is an exceptional way to open the marketing plan as covers four mechanisms in a market analysis, the product analysis, the competitor analysis and the SWOT analysis. General Motors market analysis is fundamentals in determining the internal and external factors that influence the organizations certainties and uncertainties. For instance when theirs an economic movement and when theirs an economic slumps that will affect the organization. The product analysis is essential when inspecting a organizations present conditions of goods or services within a marketplace environment. It is vital that General Motors to know when a vehicle’s time is up and needs to be renewing or replacing. General Motors always keep an eye on their competitors, when doing so they will examine the marketing ideas and strategies of key competitors and evaluate how effective their operations currently are doing in areas where competitors may be seen to be a bit stronger than they are currently doing. The Promotional agencies and marketing specialists get paid a large amount of money to generate ads that are remarkable when getting individual to see the ads as well as getting people to conversation about them is huge challenges. The collective misconception is the amount of funds it take to market marketing campaigns that’s why marketers originated the solution of letting the customers spread the word which is better known as Viral Marketing. Good marketing can change an organization instantly between advertising and word of mouth it will give General Motors them influential way to engage their targeted audience. According to â€Å"General Motors.Com† Currently General Motors is the world’s leading automotive company with operations in more than 120 countries worldwide. In 2011 they sold 9.0 million vehicles. Their organization is diversified through products and geographic markets. They meet the indigenous sales and service requests of their retail and fleet businesses with a global linkage of independent dealers. Recently General Motors has experienced the manufacturings highest volume growth period. Throughout the globe, they are the leader in market share and vehicle sales, led by a diverse assortment of brands sharing core stages of efficiencies and connection by GM’s global range. Throughout the United States General Motors product the Cadillac which is their top vehicles then they have their GMC a very popular truck brand and the Chevrolet which is more of their smaller economy cars other than the corvettes which is one of the fastest vehicles on the road. Outside the United States General Motors manufactures and markets Holden, Opel and Vauxhall as well as the Cadillac, Buick, GMC and the Chevrolet. http://www.gm.com/company/investors/corporate-strategy.html http://www.extension.purdue.edu/extmedia http://www.businesscasestudies.com

Atomic Structure free essay sample

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