Case study Bharti & Walmart Essay

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The case study is conducted to analyze the sustainability of the joint venture of Wal-Mart and Bharti in disregard of the fact that the two companies have split apart in late 2013. Therefore, the paper will be conducted by using the information given in the case material and course materials, with extra information related to statistics and government policies before the split up of the joint venture. Through the SWOT analysis and pros & cons analysis of the joint venture, it is crystallized that the joint venture was facing obstacles coming from intrinsic factors such as the challenge to maintain low cost leadership and the ability to adapt local market for Wal-Mart and extrinsic factors such as government policy, consumer behavior and poor infrastructure. The challenges Wal-Mart was facing couldn’t all be solved with the partnership. For instance, the market share and overall profitability were low due to the unsolved problems with Wal-Mart’s strategic orientation and the localization to the market, leaving uncertainty to the joint venture. Hence, among three alternatives of 1) Change strategic Orientation and re-positioning; 2) Improve corporate image and social responsibility and 3) Call off joint venture, it’s recommended for Wal-Mart and Bharti to maintain their partnership but to re-position the joint venture and localize themselves to the market. The recommendation would be further explained in the last section of this paper. PROBLEM STATEMENT Given the circumstance, the joint venture was facing challenges on the sustainability for different reasons. Wal-Mart has planned ambitiously for the joint venture, however it failed to achieve the goals of opening sufficient amount of stores in order to gain the market share and improve the margins due to the competence or willingness in localization, the government policies etc. Measures are needed for the two entities to take in  order to achieve profit growth whether to change the positioning/strategic orientation, improve the corporate image to achieve long term benefits or even to call off the joint venture since it’s no longer mandate for Wal-Mart to access the market through a partnership. ANALYSIS In order to tackle the most fundamental issues in Wal-Mart business journey in India, I’d like to first conduct a SWOT analysis of Wal-Mart’s retail business in India as following. Strength: 1. Scale of operations. Wal-Mart is the largest retailer in the world that no other retailer can match. Due to such large scale of operations, the corporate could exercise strong bargaining power on suppliers to reduce the prices. 2. Competence in information systems. The success of Wal-Mart in 21st century is largely due to its competence in information systems and supply chain management. However Wal-Mart’s advantage in supply chain management was shattered when it entered India. 3. Varity of products. Wal-Mart could offer wider range of products than local competitors. It has also been proven that Indian consumer would embrace affordable products with an upper standard of quality. 4. Low-cost leadership strategy. This strategy has helped Wal-Mart to become the low cost leader in the retail market. Weakness: 1. Inexperience in localization. Even though Wal-Mart was expanding its global appearance, it lacked experience in adapting its products and services to the specific demand of local market due to the domestic strategy. 2. Different shopping mentality. The Indian consumer mentality of â€Å"save and buy† was totally different from the American’s and Indian businesses were focusing more on B2B model, therefore the success of Wal-Mart’s B2C model was questionable. 3. Dependency of logistic system. Wal-Mart and its low cost leadership strategy are largely depended on an effective and efficient warehouse system which was not fully developed in India. 4. Lack of skilled employees. Wal-Mart would have to face the issues with unskilled employees while doing business in India and would potentially increase the training cost of employees. Opportunities: 1. Emerging retail market. Indian retail market grew by 5% in 2006, opening huge opportunities for Wal-Mart’s revenue growth, and the market was opened to Wal-Mart through joint venture. There was also existed an emerging demand of organized retailer. 2. Rising acceptance of foreign products. The increasing acceptance of high quality and low price foreign products opened the opportunities for Wal-Mart as well. In addition, the consumer disposable income and purchasing power was increasing. Threats: 1. Increasing resistance from local communities and retailers. Wal-Mart had a negative impact on local retailers therefore it faced considerably the political pressures from local communities due to the protection of local retailers. On the other hand, Wal-Mart faced the direct challenges from organized local retailers such as Pantaloon, RPG group etc. 2. Challenges from other MNCs. Other multinational corporations, such as Spencer’s Retail were also threatening Wal-Mart’s business in India. Given that some traditional advantages such as the efficient warehouse system were weakened in India, Wal-Mart’s domination in India would be shaken. Wal-Mart’s Challenges in India The opening of an emerging market with a rapidly growing middle class should create a promising future for Wal-Mart. However along with the opportunity are also challenges. After analyzing the SWOT of Wal-Mart, it’s very clear that Wal-Mart was facing challenge from extrinsic environment and intrinsic core competitiveness. Traditionally, foreign investors fail mainly because of the incompetence of maintaining their core competitiveness. But in India, Wal-Mart might be facing more of the external environment challenges. To begin with, retail industry was one of the few sectors where FDI was not allowed due to the protection of small and medium sized local retailers before 2012, forcing multinational corporations to seek a joint venture with a local partner rather than wholly-owned model as in other countries. Local communities worried that Wal-Mart would eliminate small retailers and intermediates who played important roles in supporting local economy. In addition, Wal-Mart cou ldn’t cover the job loss since the main strategy of the company was low-cost leadership which suggested that Wal-Mart would hire just-enough employees to maintain its operations and would cut the  middle-man in the process of procurement in its supply chain. The Indian government requires foreign retailer to source 30 per cent of its goods from small supplier with objectives to discourage imports by foreign retailers from their few large dedicated suppliers and to weaken Wal-Mart’s bargaining power and make economic growth becomes sustainable1. Moreover, with an aggregate score of 2.5, India ranks 64th in market openness and is largely due to the fast real import growth, according to International Chamber of Commerce (2013). India has its weakest score in trade policy (2.0) which is also the second to last score among G20 nations (see table1). From a cultural aspect, the Indian consumers have a different mentality of â€Å"save and buy† thus traditionally Indi an businesses were focusing more on B2B model. Dealing with foreign authorities requires finesse and charm, and given that lobbying was forbidden in India, Wal-Mart might not be able to influence the government policies in an official way and Wal-Mart should avoid seeking inappropriate channel to reach the local authority such as bride. As for intrinsic competitiveness, Wal-Mart was facing problem with losing its traditional advantages. To begin with, the national differences would continually question Wal-Mart’s ability to adapt itself to the market since Wal-Mart had less experience in foreign market. Given that the road infrastructure and the modern supply chain system were not fully developed in India (see table 2), Wal-Mart would face the inefficient transportation in its supply chain. In addition, Wal-Mart would need to associate with local partners in order to solve the warehouse shortage and poor infrastructure. As a result of the lack of skilled labor, labor producti vity in Indian retail market should be lower and Wal-Mart would have to increase its spending on employees’ training and therefore it would be challenging for Wal-Mart to maintain its advantages in low-cost leadership in India. Finally, Wal-Mart stores were competing with entrenched local general merchandise and food merchants, potentially leading to unprofitable for the company. Joint venture with Bharti Given the circumstances, it’s logically for Wal-Mart and Bharti to form a joint venture. In the rapidly growing organized retail market in India, Wal-Mart and Bharti were able to leverage the needs and assets of each other’s (see table 3). For Bharti, one advantage of this joint venture is  that since the management of Wal-Mart promised to lead the liberation of retail market, it would be beneficial for both two parties and India as well. From the same perspective, Wal-Mart was a particularly attractive partner to Bharti for the strength of Wal-Mart in information technology and supply chain management knowledge that could turn around the infrastructure, supply-chain and IT through a strategic alliance (Bose, 2012). As for Wal-Mart, through the 50/50 venture for backend supply chain management and wholesale cash-and-carry operations, (Bose , 2012) Wal-Mart was able to utilize Bharti’s domestic facilities as a jump board to the emerging market and it was able to bypass some restrictions that were harmful to its business. With Bharti’s deep knowledge of India’s fast-growing market and its prior foreign experience of cooperate with other foreign firms (Bose, 2012), Wal-Mart would have a smooth start in the early stages of the joint venture (Luo, 1998). By increasing its purchase from local suppliers and associating with prestige local firm, Wal-Mart could also possibly change positively the consumer perception on itself. However, there were also many disadvantages brought by the joint venture. First, it took time and efforts for both parties to form the joint venture, meaning Wal-Mart might take longer time to expand compared with using wholly-own model. In this joint venture, Wal-Mart and Bharti would deliver a mixture of brand image which might confuse the consumers, and the local partner might take advantage from this mixed message and knowledge transfer as mentioned before. As a result, this joint venture had the possibilit y of creating a new competitor for Wal-Mart. As mentioned before, one of the biggest problems Wal-Mart had was from the government regulation which either of the two parties could lobby the government. In addition, the financial situation of Bharti Enterprises was not a positive factor in their joint venture, for its debt was at a high level and affected negatively the cash flows of the joint venture. Both companies had complementary strengths they were able to utilize to expand in India in a long term. By leveraging each other’s expertise, both entities were able to use and build upon best practices that had proven successful for both companies in their individual ventures, performing better than either company could do alone in the growing Indian retail market. However, since many disadvantages remained for Wal-Mart and Bharti and the fact that they haven’t acquired the expected market share, the future of this joint  venture was in vague. Hence, the two companies should focus on the sustainability of the joint venture. In this regard, both two parties should take measures to reassure the sustainability of their joint venture and improve its performance accordingly. According to Dr. M.N.H. Mazumder, there are three traits that MNC should consider when selecting local partner, strategic traits, organizational traits and financial traits. Therefore, the sustainability of the joint venture would also be dependent on the fits of these traits. For instance, in terms of strategic fits, by establishing a mutually satisfied, efficient, and productive trustful partnership with Bharti, Wal-Mart would be very likely to maintain a common goal so that the joint venture could avoid the risk of being sabotaged by the dysfunctional conflicts between the two partners. In the following section, we’ll be discussing the details of alternatives that could help in the sustainability. ALTERNATIVES: Alternative 1- Change the strategic orientation and re-positioning In 2007, Wal-Mart announced with ambitious that partner with Bharti, it planned to open hundreds of stores, it has quietly shelved its expansion plans after complex market conditions. In 2012, Wal-Mart opened just five wholesale stores in India last year while it planned to open 22 stores. In addition, while Bharti wished to open more small traditional stores or cash and carry business due to the fragmented market and consumer behavior, Wal-Mart was pushing its large retail stores which usually take 24 months to open. Therefore, since Wal-Mart struggled to gain market share, it should be carefully examine its expansion plan and consider Bharti’s perception on the market. Alternative 2- Improve corporate image and social responsibility As stated, Wal-Mart was facing obstacles brought by its corporate image and it has been criticized for eliminating local business and leading to higher unemployment. By operating a public relation campaign and fulfilling its social responsibility in education, agriculture (assisting local farms) etc, Wal-Mart should be able to change the stereotype perception of foreign investors and establish a good foundation for less challenges from the local society. However, this alternative wouldn’t enable Wal-Mart and the joint venture to expand its market share in a short term. Therefore it’ll require both two parties to have coherence on campaign cost and long term revenue. Alternative 3- Call off joint venture Bharti Enterprise has been struggling under a debt of USD 12 billion of its mobile business. Bharti’s liquidity would directly affect the joint venture’s ability to pay off short term financial obligations. Also considering that Wal-Mart is allowed to the 100% ownership in a retail company in India, it’d also be an alternative for two parties to split and do business alone. It’s possible that Wal-Mart will lose its market share in a very short future due to the losses of information and suppliers in this split up. RECOMMENDATIONS It’s recommended to maintain the joint venture, but changes are needed in the strategic orientation and the positioning. For the joint venture and mostly for Wal-Mart, building convenient stores and therefore establishing a larger presence in the Indian market are crucial to the sustainability and profitability. In order to solve extrinsic problems such as the consumer behavior of purchasing on a daily basis rather than buy a weekly portion, it’s more flexible for Wal-Mart if it could have smaller stores covering more locations and it would be positive to consumer loyalty with larger presence in different regions, though thorough research on the target consumer markets would be needed in order to offer Indian consumers the type of products they desire at the appropriate quantity and location. In addition, opening smaller stores would require two parties to work collectively and more productively on their supply chain management due to the complexity brought by more stor es. REFERENCES: Edwards, Ron; Adlina Ahmand and Simon Moss (2002): Subsidiary Autonomy: The Case of ICC (2014): Open Markets Index 2013 (05.03.2014) [URL: Klaus Schwab, World Economic Forum (2013): The Global Competitiveness Report 2012–2013 Indranil Bose (2013): Wal-Mart and Bharti: Transforming retail in India Yadong Luo (1998): Joint Venture Success in China: How Should We Select a Good Partner? APPENDIX: Table 1: Scores on the Open Markets Index 2013 G20 Rank Country Overall OMI 2013 Rank Aggregate Score Trade Openness Trade Policy FDI openness Trade Enabling Infrastructure 18th India 64th 2.5 2.9 2.0 2.5 2.8 Source: ICC 2013 Table 2: Ranking of India in infrastructure India Quality of overall infrastructure 86th Quality of roads 85th Quality of railroad infrastructure 24th Quality of port infrastructure 82th Quality of air transport infrastructure 67rd Available airline seat kilometers 12th Quality of electricity supply 112th Mobile telephone subscriptions 113th Fixed telephone lines 117th Source: World Economic Forum 2013 Table 3: Needs and capabilities of both parties before and after their joint venture Before joint venture Needs Capabilities Wal-Mart 1. Entry to the Indian Retail Market 2. Governmental lobbying Skills 3. Knowledge of local market 1. Largest retailer in the world with low cost leadership and a focus of â€Å"Always low price† 2. Known for its information management and supply chain management. Bharti 1. Need retailing experience 2. Need information technology and supply chain management skills 1. Known for its brand and execution capabilities 2. Known for its experience in collaboration with foreign companies 3. Strong Consumer Marketing and distribution capabilities due to other business 4. Bharti’s Agriculture programs with local farmers

How two body system interrelate with each other Essay

The cardiovascular and digestive system are interrelate with each other to perform a named function of function by the food we eat. Which absorbed and passed down the oesophagus into the small intestine. It is then absorbed into the blood, which the cardiovascular then passes around the body supplying it with all the nutrients. By the cardiovascular system passing blood around the body with all the nutrients from food, it is supplying all the organs and body parts with energy so they can continue to work properly Another link between the cardiovascular system and the digestive system is that they both works hard when the body has to process a lot of food. For example, the digestive system needs more blood to do the job; therefore, blood vessels expand in preparation for this. Digestive organs stimulate the heart through nerve impulses, sending signals for increased amount of blood. The heart responds accordingly by sending more blood supply to the digestive system. The cardiovascular and digestive are system interrelate with each other to perform a named function of function transport oxygenated blood form the limbs around the body into cells. The oxygenated blood contains oxygen which is used by the cells to produce energy in the process of respiration. Digestive system needs the cardiovascular system for a proper digestive to continue. Become energy need blood to flow and the part of digestive. System e.g. intestine need blood to function properly. The cardiovascular delivers disgusted nutrient from the digestive system to the body for circulation and into the cells where respiration takes places. The cardiovascular system pastes blood around oxygen and nutrient and the body for the role purpose of energy production.

Describe the marriage of Paulina and Gerardo

Gerard asserts his eminence in his relationship with Pauline; he believes his persuasive words will always have its desired effect on Paling's actions. ‘Of course I'm going to listen to you. Haven't I always listened to you? And he is surprised when she doesn't listen. ‘You believe too much in your own powers of persuasion'. He is very manipulative, such as in the beginning of the play in which he is unsatisfied with the response he received, he continues to convince Pauline until he gets the answer he wanted, also going behind her back.He acted as though he genuinely cared about her opinion in the matter of his position on he committee when in reality, he had already accepted. Yes. Told him I'd do it. Yes. Before asking you. ‘. He also appears to be a lair and doesn't seem to understand women as well as he likes. Pauline is a suspicious wife, knowing that Gerard did it once, he could very well do it again and with that, she insinuates his infidelity numerous times before outright managing to get him to confess to it.Though despite that, they are still married and do love each other, her going as far as protecting Gerard while she was being tortured but not saying anything about him. They make sacrifices for each other as ell. How does the play. Inherit use details of the setting and atmosphere to illustrate the mood of the play? They are in a small beach house with a balcony and are able to hear the ocean. It also sounds secluded which isolates the scene. They use moonlight to light some specific part of the scene which omits everything else and has us focusing on one particular part which might bring a mood.The atmosphere shifts constantly with Pauline sort of falling in and out of sanity creating a particularly dramatic mood to the play, pulling you to keep reading to figure out what she does next. When Reboot's atmosphere shows a sort of irritants and confusion it has you wondering whether he really is innocent. The last scene too, with th e mirror having it reflect back at you leaves you to really take a good look at yourself and have you think hard about the events of the play having you fill out the gaps in which the author left ambiguous.Assess Paling's actions. Why does she react precisely in the way that she does? Paling's actions were premeditated and brave bordering on the edge Of crazy. She has been deeply traumatized by her past which leads to her paranoia and personal vendetta that she has laced upon Roberto. Pauline acts precisely in the way that she does because for fifteen years she has been haunted by her rape and torture which leaves her in an unstable state of mind which had finally cotton the best of her when the man she claims to be one of her captors show up on her doorstep.What would be Justice Pauline? Feel that for Pauline to find her justice would be for the people who have traumatized her to admit what they have done and be punished for it. Her idea to first retaliate in the same fashion (to r ape him with a broomstick and torture him) would not make her forgive him. It would satisfy her for the time being but not fully. For her to have justice would be to have the torturers confess in a hand written confession. Her new idea to have the letter written seems to satisfy her in a way that she would feel justice.The written letter is also a good idea to convince herself that she is correct in the way that Roberto is actually the Doctor who assisted in her torture. I also believe by her taking the law into her own hands, she has been able to gather the kind of answers only she could be searching for. What problems does an author face in dramatist's torture? How does Doorman achieve this? When traumatizing torture, the problem quite possibly the rate at which you reveal it.Doorman achieved the perfect amount of torture by hinting bits and pieces to get you thinking and then finally reeling us in with the entire story and his ability to constantly shift the balance of sympathy b etween the oppressed and the oppressor. What role do sexuality and sexual/gender roles play in the drama? There are a multitude of examples that suggest sexist views from the male characters. Both Gerard and Miranda speak of women as confusing pieces that are completely inhuman and act as though it is a shared knowledge between them.Gerard appears to have a dominant role over Pauline, acting manipulative toward her and believing he has a higher power over her. Many times he is heard stating that Pauline would make the meal expecting that she will do it because he knows she will. ‘Not another word. Pauline will be delighted. You'll see the breakfast she'll make for us. ‘ In this example he also assumes that Pauline will automatically be delighted with a random guest despite how she acts when an unfamiliar car turns up at her souse. ‘Of the two things you never share, my friend, one is your toothbrush. What is the significance of the setting for this play? Ariel Door man carefully explains in his stage directions that Death and the Maiden is set in â€Å"a country that is probably Chile but could be any country that has given itself a democratic government just after a long period of dictatorship† which helps us to understand what exactly the significance is of Greaser's position on the commission appointed to investigate the crimes committed under the regime. It plays one of the most important aspects to he characters conflict between justice and the love for his wife who decides to take the law into her own hands.It emphasizes what kind Of negative control a dictatorship has and the effects of it. Why does Pauline lock the door? Is it to keep Gerard safe or to keep him away? Act 1, Scene 3 It's the middle of the night and Pauline is written doing something suspicious. She is seen going into her living room and pulling out her gun and her stockings. She then goes to Reboot's room, listening, and then goes in. A confused muffled cry is he ard then silence. Pauline goes back to her own mom and locks the door.She then goes back onto Reboot's room and pulls out what suspiciously looks like a body before wing it to a chair. We learn that the body is indeed Reboot's. She collects all of Reboot's belongings and goes to leave the house, but not before taking off her underwear and gagging Roberto. She leaves the house in Reboot's car and leaving Gerard locked in his room and Roberto tied to a chair. Act 1, Scene 4 It's early in the morning and Roberto is tied to a chair and gagged only just waking up to find Pauline sitting in front of him with a gun. He is confused.Seeing that he is awake, Pauline greets him kindly, as though he weren't tied to a chair and gagged, she proceeds to converse with him almost normally. She begins her monologue moving from one topic to another. A friend Roberto might be related to, her early career as a student to become a doctor and asking him his preference for sandwiches. We begin to see she c ould possibly have some mental problems. He unlocks her bedroom door. She also turns on Death and the Maiden from the cassette she stole from Reboot's car gushing about how much she loved it and now how it haunts her.Gerard wakes up shocked, and goes to untie Roberto Miranda, but Pauline, convinced Miranda is one of her captors tells Gerard so. He seems UN entirely convinced and tells her she is sick which she denies. He tries to convince Pauline to let R. Miranda go but she is entirely convinced. And due to her assuredness, she tells Gerard her plan to put him on trial, like he would do if he was on the commission. Act 2, scene 1 Gerard has left to fetch his car, Roberto is still tied and Pauline has her back to him, and begins to relay of the horrors she suffered in the doctor's â€Å"care. †She had estranged herself from her parents, so when she was released, she had very few choices of where to go. Roberto makes a movement as if he wants to speak, but she makes him wait, thinking he's hungry, and imitates the doctor's voice for a moment. She then explains why he wouldn't have known about Gerard and made the connection to her. She had not mentioned Gerard in all the time that she was being tortured, but his house is where she went as soon as she was released. Gerard then returns to the house, and Pauline enquires how it went and whether the flat was fixed. He doesn't answer.

Accepted change management framework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Accepted change management framework - Essay Example Subsequently, this paper describes the degree to which the organization followed the change management framework. Ascension Health is an example of a health care organization or institution that has undergone transformational change. Ascension Health can be described as a nonprofit health institution with outlets in twenty states in the United States. According to the Commonwealth Fund (2006), "Ascension Health is the largest catholic and largest nonprofit health care system in the United States, includes sixty seven acute care facilities staffed by one hundred and six thousand associates in twenty states and the District of Columbia" (p. A1). At one time, this health organization recognized the main sources of unnecessary and avoidable injuries as well as fatalities within their health. Therefore, the organization instigated or initiated a process of transformational change that was geared towards reducing and subsequently eradicating these quandaries within a span of five years. The transformational change that was planned by Ascension Health involved the recognition and classification of pra ctically each and every part of the health care delivery system within the institution that was the source or otherwise led to any fatalities or injuries to individuals seeking care. This was followed by methodical operations and activities geared towards identifying and as well widening or extending superlative plans of action in order to radically develop and advance patients safety within affected departments and units. There are various theories that have been developed over the past to elucidate the process of change in organizations. One of the examples of the theories applicable in this case is Koters model. The initial steep of transformational change according to Kotter is the institution or creation of a sense of exigency or importance (Kotter, 1995). For any change

International and Comparative Employment Law Assignment

International and Comparative Employment Law - Assignment Example The labour laws provide protection for the relationship between the workers and the employers. Laws of contract formed the legal basis for protection of workers. The employment contract provided protection to the full-time employees (Casale, 2011). However, those workers without any contractual relationship remained unprotected during the engagement with their employers. Workers are protected against unfair dismissal and are expected to continue working for the same organization permanently or seasonally and they have right to join trade unions. The standard work arrangement remained in force until 1970s when global economic changes brought forth intense competition and uncertainty between enterprises (Barnard et. al., 2004, p.46). Employment was regulated by restrictive employment protection legislation and collective agreement between workers unions and the employers in the post-war Europe (Blanpain & Baker, 2010). Due to intense global market pressure firms started pushing for larger profits and flexibility of contracts with workers and responding to consumers’ needs. The changes in a global market have necessitated for more flexible and secure labour market that can offer satisfaction to employers and workers needs simultaneously. The International Labour Organization (ILO) had a view that flexibilization of labour market resulted in erosion of workers’ rights which affected their earnings security and the steadiness of working and living conditions (Lansky, 2013). The economists put forward a suggestion t o compensate diminishing job security by expanding employment opportunities and social security. Therefore, it was necessary to protect the labour market by ensuring stable and secure jobs in the marker. The quest to provide flexible and secure labour market in the European States has been adopted as European Employment Strategy (Blanpain & Baker, 2010).

Restriction of Media Coverage during Wars Essay

Restriction of Media Coverage during Wars - Essay Example The objective of the newspapers limited access is to confirm that journalists spread reports that have only achievement tales and at the same time bypass graphic tales of huge death on the front line that might sway masses attitude harmfully. Another foremost cause was to bypass describing perceptive data that might threaten inhabits of armies on the front line.   Mediating Role of the Media In the overhead unfastening extract, Taylor ascertained the function of the newspapers in endowing the general masses to "take a front chair at the producing of archives on the shirt-tails of journalism" (p.99). The masses, thus, become history's observers - albeit digressive participants - through the newspapers with their stories. Taylor furthermore distinguishes tales from two assemblies of journalists: -  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Tones who are at the front line, encompassing a focused occupation - conflict correspondents - experiencing anything is taking location in the front line for exa mple dodgy methods taking place there and unchanging interaction with the equipped forces. -  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   News analysts and columnists who through comprehensive investigation of the new stories from the area, complemented with outlooks from political establishment, as well as the masses attitude at home. These journalists manage not have direct know-how at the front line but, as we will glimpse subsequently, they have a large-scale function to play in a position of tough newspapers get access to limits in the conflict area.-- This significant function of mediating data to the masses is leveraged by several components that furthermore sway value to data that comes to the masses. These components encompass the following: -  Ã‚   Journalists are... Prior to the last century accounts from the front lines came from the so-called area agents who were a component of the infantry personnel. They made accounts for mastication as an authorized documentation about happenings taking place at the front line. Nevertheless, these accounts were typically intended for government misinformation other than conceived as data for masses use. Moreover, in their hard work to maintain masses support for the conflict effort, authorities have since the World War 1 conceived organizations that would likely maneuver newspapers accounts coming to the masses from the front line. They have furthermore made certain that the refuted journalists get access to the assault localities that were distinguished by pictures of wounds, damages, and fatalities. nonetheless, the statement that if the masses are given the full image of the conflict position on the front line they will stop to support conflict effort is a myth because occasionally the masses carry the c onflict in the triumphant nations regardless of critical damages, post-battle deficiency, and other repercussions. The manipulation schemes encompass well-designed authorized misinformation appliance in an effort to restructure the expanse amid the front line and the masses.

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 41

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Lab#2 concrete mix design and compression tests Lab Report

#2 concrete mix design and compression tests - Lab Report Example Concrete quality control is an essential practice to ensure consistency in both the fresh and hardened concrete. Some of the laboratory methods used for concrete quality control include; slump test, compressive strength test and workability tests. The primary objective for this experimental study was to identify the characteristics exhibited by concrete materials and to familiarize with the commonly used laboratory specimen manufacturing and testing methods. In design and quality control of concrete, the most specified concrete property is strength. This can be attributed to the fact that testing methods available are relatively easy and furthermore; other concrete properties such as resistance to weathering and fire, elastic modulus, and impermeability are directly linked to strength. This means that having the strength data, then the other properties can be deduced. A good concrete mix should take into account the following key attributes: workability, consistency, strength, water cement ratio, durability, density, slump expected, and heat and chemical resistance. The relative proportions of concrete components, either by volume or weight, will closely influence its properties in both fresh and hardened state. The cement-water paste forms the active component in the concrete material, which is dependent on the characteristics of materials used and their relative proportions. The aggregates used must be well graded to minimize air voids in the concrete matrix. Generally, concrete mix designs are currently being over-designed for the fear of production of results that will not meet the minimum strength criteria specified by the engineer concerned. There is therefore need for analysis of concrete compressive strength variance and understanding of the criteria for proper concrete mix designs suitable for various applications. Concrete is a

Research method Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Research method - Essay Example INTRODUCTION TO PROBLEM OUTLINE Sportswear retailing is a diverse and fairly fragmented market. Even though at a slower rate, sports retailing chains are showing a steady growth over the years. Retailers are looking for introducing new formats in business along with increasing the number of stores. Independent sports retailers like Sports Direct have established their place in the market and managed to gain major share in the markets. The research focuses on analysis of customer satisfaction in sports retailing concentrating on Sportsdirect.com in Liverpool One. Companies are in a situation where it is no longer enough to satisfy the customers, they need to delight customers. The simple way to measure customer satisfaction is by taking surveys. A successful survey begins with a good questionnaire, and a good questionnaire is built from the customer’s point of view (Horovitz, 1990). 2. AIM & OBJECTIVES The aim and objectives of this research are to: Measure the customer satisfa ction in sports retailing, focusing on Sportsdirect.com in Liverpool One. To find out about satisfied and dissatisfied customers and based on this, put forward suggestions for the improvement and to better serve customers and retain them. To make generalisations about the customer satisfaction in sports retailing sector. ... sports goods retailing industries as customer satisfaction is at the root of customer retention and in effectively raising the bar on the firm’s future profitability. 3. ORGANISATIONAL BACKGROUND Sports Direct International Plc was established in 1982. It is now UK’s number one sports retailer with annual turnover exceeding well over ?1 billion. (Sports Direct Annual Report, 2008). They acquired a lot of companies during their race to success and have around 375 stores in UK and around 60 global stores. They focus on growing UK retail business by continue to drive efficiencies and delivering outstanding value to customers (Sports Direct Website, 2011). Moreover, a significant percentage of Sportdirect.com customers are online clients and manage to get the cushion of market leadership by differentiating themselves from rival firms who manufacture and sell sports goods using the discount-based competition market strategy. 4. LITERATURE REVIEW In the current business world , customer care has a major influence on a company’s long term profitability. Cook (2000) categorises clients as the premise of business and as the element that keeps business alive. The knowledge, attitudes, educational background, and cultural and social environment of an individual have got a major role in moulding his perspectives (Antonides & Raaij, 1998). A well-educated and well-informed customer of the present era has had a clear understanding of standards he expects and this makes it more complicated. As a result, there is considerable attention being taken into account of maintaining relationship between the service providers and customers (Barnes, 1997; Reinartz & Kumar, 2002; Coulter & Coulter, 2002). The bygone twenty years has seen the growing up of relationship marketing as the

Using Technology in Tertiary Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Using Technology in Tertiary Education - Essay Example In addition, with the technology, social media has also been playing an influential role in reframing the educational sectors all around the world. Competitive universities today have further become quite concentrated on making a better use of the information and the platform rendered by the social media of 21st century for the educational processes. It is in this context that technology in alliance with the implications of social media tends to create both advantageous and disadvantageous impacts upon the educational sector which can be identified as the complex and multidimensional phenomenon (Carr, 2012). Based on this context, the study will intend to offer a comprehensive understanding of the impacts created by technology upon education sector, emphasizing upon the classroom or lecture environment of the tertiary education process. In this regard the discussion will also take into account the role played by social media in transforming the traditional learning process by means o f rapidly advancing technology. Concerning the current day context, it can be apparently observed that universities are becoming increasingly inclined towards utilizing technological advancements in the traditional education systems to obtain greater competitive advantages through differentiation (Schwartz, 2012).In this regard, various benefits can be observed to be yielded by the universities by making use of technologies. For instance, the utilization of advanced technology has often observed to assist the educators to effectively communicate to the learners with practical illustration with a live display, which further helps the students to obtain a clear view of the topic or subject. Technology involvement in tertiary education can also be observed to present the subject matter as more interesting to the students. Technology involvement has been encouraged in the educational sectors also due to the reason that it helps in more active learning of the students.

Hulu Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Hulu - Research Paper Example This paper will discuss the history of Hulu, as from 2007 to 2012. The name or phrase Hulu came from two Mandrin Chinese words, hu and lu meaning interactive recording (Hulu 1). The Hulu venture was made public in March 2007. Its main partners were MSN, AOL, Facebook, MySpace, Comcast and Yahoo. The company’s CEO was and still is Jason. He was made CEO in June 2007 (Barnett 1). The phrase Hulu was selected in August 2007, when the website was made official and started to stream. Hulu first invited its users to give them their email addresses for an upcoming beta test. Hulu began, in October 2007, the private beta testing through invitations (Barnett 1). After that, the network allowed its users also to invite their friends to the website. However, Hulu first launched for public access on 12th March, 2008, in the United States (Hulu 1). The first product to launch was HULU Syndication network. The network was developed and designed by the NBCUniversal team from New York. Hulu.com destinations site was the second product to be launch by Hulu ( Barnett 1). The network started an advertising campaign in NBC’s show of Super Bowl XLIII, with an ad featuring Alec Baldwin. The advertisement was titled Alec in Huluwood. The advertisement, aimed at humorously portraying the shocking secrets behind Hulu, made the site to look like an evil plot planning to destroy the globe. The ad suggested that Baldwin was, in fact, an alien in disguise (Barnett 1). However, advertisements kept on flowing throughout the media with media personalities such as Seth MacFarlane, Will Arnett, Eliza Dushku and Denis Leary. Disney made public, on 30th April, 2009, that it would be joining the venture and purchased a 27% share of Hulu (Hulu 1). During an industry conference, on 21st October, 2009, Deputy Chairman of News Corporation, Chase Carey argued that Hulu needed to advance in order to have a significant subscription

Sex, Vampires and the Fascination with Bloodsucking Essay Example for Free

Sex, Vampires and the Fascination with Bloodsucking Essay Vampires have long fascinated the world, from their ability to change forms often times transforming into a bat, fog, or other creatures, and their charismatic and sexual nature which has not only seduced literature in Bram Stocker’s Dracula but has also been the outlet of the movie going audience in such films as the adaptation of Dracula in movies such as Blade, Monster Squad, Interview with a Vampire, and the series of Dracula films. The following paper will explore this fascination with Dracula, and vampires in general, paying attention to not only the novel Dracula but the mainstream movie going audience as well as the subculture that exists of vampires. Two main themes of the vampire will be explored in this paper: that of immortality, and of seduction. In the idea of forgetting one’s identity the concept of a vampire is a great iconic figure by which to catalyst the role of the double identity. It is with these two things that the vampire, as a literary character, a movie icon, and a subculture holds the interest of the general population. Body In Bram Stocker’s rendition of vampires in the character of Count Dracula there are certain elements which have become part of the increasing myth and fascination of vampires. Stocker’s character was very enigmatic, however, this did not mean that John was not attracted to this mystery. The idea of stealing someone’s life force, and of the willingness at times that Dracula achieved this feat is part of the lure of the vampire, â€Å"The lust that they portray on the movie screen, the woman gladly greeting the vampires lips with her own, then bending her head to the side so he can bite the tender flesh of her neck. What a marvelous image that seems, enticing us, and repelling us at the same time. Who among us can say for a moment that we did not find that fascination in the mystery of the vampires arms? † (Gottberg 2006). It is with Count Dracula’s charm that the readers become intrigued by the vampire, and his ability to beckon his victim while at the same time having to hold up to a code of ethics. These ethics are also part of the fascination and they are usually including the following characteristics and elements of a vampire: only permitted to come into a house or dwelling after being requested to do so by the owner, only sucking blood that is still warm from the blood pumping through the heart, having an allergic reaction to garlic, sunlight and anything holy, ability to shape shift, extreme sexuality. It is with this last part that the true fascination with vampires hinges. The sexuality of the vampire is accustomed to a smooth tongue, charming people into getting what they, a type of bending of the will of the victim, and their immortality. Especially with this element of immortality, there seems to be a certain gift and curse involved with it because the vampire trades so much in order to gain immortality which is never being able to see sunlight again, and having to feed on human or animal blood to survive. However, despite these gifts and/or curses, the in the original legend of Count Dracula as perceived by Bram Stocker, the Count is able to at once almost haunt the conscious mind of his victim John while at the same time enticing him to become part of the vampiric world. The ability of a vampire to bend a victim’s will, so much so that the victim becomes a willing participant in the bloodlust is how the mainstream media or movies, are focusing their plot outlines. Vampires are becoming a subculture which allows a person to be completely sexual, willing, and to crave blood while at the same time embracing their ‘curse’, as the fascination with vampires persist the question becomes not why does a vampire need blood to stay alive, but there is a more interesting equation involving sucking someone’s life force which in turn gives one the ability to live forever (excluding certain circumstances involving exposure to UV rays, black lights, garlic, holy relics, and a stake through the heart). Thus, the fascination of mainstream movie going audience and the more intellectual reading of a book becomes not an intrigue into an occult but rather that more alluring of attributes of the vampire: immortality. It seems that John in Dracula was not so much duped into becoming an occupant of the Count’s castle, his slave, his blood supply, as he was wanting to learn the Count’s trick of living past the status quo dying age. Thus, John realized that the Count needed blood in order to maintain his life, his charm, his intrigue, his health, and his strength, â€Å"The blood is the life, or so it is said in the vampire culture. Many cultures have included sacrifice, blood letting, and drinking of blood in their worship, so it is really no surprise that our fascination would continue. Even in biblical times blood was important for sealing covenants and sacrifice. So impotent was the blood that God forbade it to be drunk. † (Gottberg 2006). Not only in the aspect of immortality, of man’s desire to cheat death at any cost, especially as the legend goes, to give his soul as a vampire is said to do (hence the aversion to anything holy) but there is a definite sexual drive in vampires that is further seen in Stocker’s Dracula. The view of the Count as he seduces Mary is one in which a man/vampire becomes a part of his victim, sucking her blood, allowing one of the most intimate parts of her to become a part of him, to in fact sustain his life. Thus, it is not sex alone that entices her to allow the Count to ‘enter’ her through the neck, but it is the need, the primal need for life, that makes their relationship one of complete engrossment for her as well as the audience/reader, It is so many things. For many it is the ability to be so fully known by another, to be enraptured inside and out by one who could know every ounce of our being, know all we have ever done, and all we have ever thought, and still desire us more then anything. That was the mystery of Bram Stokers Dracula, a man who could listen to her deepest thoughts and travel the length of not only the world, but time itself to win her back. A woman who would stand by him, even against God himself. This is the true romance of the legend, the image that entices us beyond understanding. † (Gottberg 2006). Conclusion It seems then that this paper has explored two main points of the fascination with vampires, or Count Dracula, that is: immortality, and seduction. In these two elements the main stream culture of the movie going audience is enthralled as well as readers of Stocker’s work. These two main themes or characteristics of the vampire are what continually entice a person to read up on vampires, to watch movies, to delve into the darker realms of the subculture and to explore the idea of immortality, of sucking the life blood from a willing or even unwilling victim and to become so intrinsically a part of someone to know their thoughts, to know their heart beat, to depend on them for true sustenance, that it is no wonder that there remains, after hundreds of years, this verdant image of a charming man or woman in a cloak, knocking on one’s door asking permission to come in and to suck their blood. The idea of possession is a turn on for the subculture of vampires just as it was for Count Dracula; the kind of dependence on someone for a life force as well as the control the vampire has over their victim is what makes this subculture so fascinating and how it can attract the type of crowd that it attracts. Thus, the subculture of the vampire is not merely about bloodsucking but involves something quite animal and quite human about it; it involves allowing someone to take control of one as well as force control on another person, the turn on then becomes power through possession. Although critics might argue that the vampire is a lonesome creature, cursed to walk the earth for eternity, living without a soul, but with the rise of this as a subculture and the popularity it has attracted over the years, it seems that vampirism is becoming more mainstream as more movies are made glamorizing the sex appeal of vampires and the fact that eternity is the natural attraction of this subculture and the young are always attracted to maintaining their youth.The vampire victim is almost always willing. Work Cited Gottberg, C. Why a Fascination with Vampires. 2006. Online. Retrieved 5 November 2007. http://www. associatedcontent. com/article/110969/why_a_fascination_of_vampires. html? page=3

Structural Elements That Define Good Screenplay Film Studies Essay

Structural Elements That Define Good Screenplay Film Studies Essay Through my prism, a good screenplay can be made in many ways, as long as the writer of the artwork keeps up to some basic rules that have been reinforced through the years. In a relation to that, there are three essential elements without which it is impossible to create a fine script. The chief structure of a script should be based on the concept of thesis-antithesis-synthesis and accordingly it is supposed to consist of at least three acts, respectively beginning, middle and end. Key features also include a good conflict and a good character without which the screenplay can be defined as boring and unstimulating. One must not forget, though, that a good character is also a matter of a personal vision. To begin with, the idea of thesis-antithesis-synthesis is not just an important feature of a good film script but it is also not new. It is the simple formula created by Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel that came to be a feature in every good movie or play the common spectator sees today. Thesis is defined as a separate action that breaks out during a film or as a character who performs an action. In contrast, antithesis is actualized when an action opposite to the thesis act occurs. It is the converse of the thesis, as annotated. When combined, thesis and antithesis devise the synthesis. Synthesis is the resolution of the clash between the thesis and the antithesis, without matter if the result is positive or negative. Hegels concept also plays key role in finding out what the premise of a certain screenplay could be. A good example of Hegels formula being used is Frank Capras American drama film Its a Wonderful Life (1946). To supplement, the scenes where George is on the verge of com mitting a suicide and Clarences successful attempt to prevent it is an illustration of how this dialectical method is applied. In one of them, Georges view that killing himself will make everyone happier is challenged by Clarence who presents himself as having been sent by God to protect him. In another one, the guardian angel reveals to the protagonist what would have happened, had George never been born his brother, Harry would have died at the age of eight, because George would not have been there to save him [the scene of Harrys grave]; George would also have neither wife, nor kids, had he never existed; he would not have built a house for them and for himself too. In the final act, the conflict between the thesis (Georges wish to commit suicide) and the antithesis (Clarences way to show the protagonist what the world would be like without him) gets resolved: George prays to God to bring back the life he has had, realizing how wonderful it was and gets back to his wife and kids . As a result, the premise of the film is conspicuous: life is a gift that should not be spurned. Furthermore, it is well known that the conflict is the heart of any story, be it a screenplay or a play that is performed in theaters. Therefore, a story without any real conflict is not a story at all. In his book, Story: Substance, Structure, Style and the Principles of Screenwriting, the famous screenwriting instructor, Robert McKee talks in details about the levels of conflict that are present in a certain screenplay. He explains that there are two main types of conflict external and internal. Although in most screenplays the external conflict (conflict that occurs as a result of social conditions) is dominant, a good story should include a large portion of internal conflict (a conflict within the character) as well. In terms of the external conflict, it is clear that a protagonist in the film usually gets what they want in the end. However, if they carry out their wish without any obstacles on their way that will try to prevent them from doing so, the piece of work will be cons idered disinteresting and such motion pictures surely disappoint the viewer. So, to strengthen the conflict, the obstacle is often made to be superior to the protagonist in some ways. For instance, in The Terminator (1984), the main protagonist, named Kyle Reese, is sent back in time from the future with an assignment to protect Sarah Connor. The obstacle he has to deal with, however, is not a human but a cyborg (living human tissue over a metal skeleton), stronger, faster, and extremely hard to kill. This technique makes the viewers ask themselves whether Reese will deal with the obstacle or Sarah will be killed. In contrast, a great illustration of an internal conflict can be seen in George Lucas film, Star Wars Episode III: Revenge of the Sith (2005). The chief character, Anakin Skywalker is a Jedi Knight whose wife, Padme Amidala is pregnant. One night, while sleeping, he has nightmares of her dying in childbirth. Later on, Palpatine, who is the main antagonist, uses this nightm are Anakin tells him about and ascertains Anakin that there is a power to cheat death but it cannot be learned by a Jedi and the only way to achieve this power is by embracing the dark side of the Force. From this moment on, the struggle inside Anakin reaches deeper level. It appears that he is supposed to choose between two things: saving his wife from certain death by selling his soul to the dark side or remaining loyal to the Jedi and, as he fears, possibly losing Padme. There is one emblematical scene that clearly shows that fear. It is an intercut combination of the young Skywalker sitting alone on a chair in the Jedi temple council chamber thinking of his wife and Padme in her apartment, possibly looking in direction towards the Jedi Temple. The Jedi is confused as he keeps on starring outside. Minutes later, Palpatines voice-over could be heard: You do know, dont you, if the Jedi destroy me, any chance of saving her will be lost. In this moment, tears run off Anakins face, as if he says to himself I cant do it, I cant let her die. When watching this scene, after Anakin leaves the Jedi temple, we think that the conflict within him has finished. But actually, a lot more is to come, to which I will pay greater attention when I talk about good character being necessary to create a good screenplay. In addition, a story, that is considered to be in the category of good stories, will also comply with the concept of a good character which is usually the protagonist. When I say good, though, it does not mean that the character themselves are the so called good guy but that there must be enough levels of internal conflict within the character. Of course, before creating levels of conflict within the character, one has to know their character as screenwriter Syd Field says in his book Screenplay: The Foundations of Screenwriting. Knowing the character means to know: whose story it is? Who is the main character? What do they want? Without these basics, a character would not even exist. Nevertheless, are these basics enough for a character, so that they can be called a good one? Certainly not. This is the place where deeper levels of conflict are necessary to be shown, without matter if they are internal within the protagonist or interpersonal (between the protagonist and other people. It is well known that it is even preferrable to have a mix of both. To this common statement, I would add that a mix of both types of conflict has to be present indeed but the writer has to be careful how they do that mix. If it is so complex that the creator themselves have difficulties interpreting the levels of conflict, this will lead to a confusion and disinterest in the eyes of the spectator. For instance, if one gets back to Anakin Skywalker as presented in Star Wars Episode 3, they will find out that there are many levels of conflict some of which can be seen even after he has turned to the dark side of the Force. In the scene where the young Jedi turns to the dark side, before the turning point itself, there is a mix of extrapersonal struggle and internal conflict within Anakin. The intramural struggle actually emerges as a result of the extrapersonal clash between Jedi Master Mace Windu (the black guy with the purple lightsaber) and Chancellor Palpatine who has now been r evealed to be Darth Sidious the main antagonist in the movie. As soon as Anakin enters the hall where the two Force masters fought each other some minutes ago, we see the following picture: The chancellor is on the ground, next to a broken window. Mace Windu is about to finish him off. This is where the mixed conflict starts. Palpatines words He is a traitor! mark the beginning of this mixed struggle. Windu then addresses the same words towards Palpatine. Afterwards, the close up of Anakins face and his facial expression show some confusion, as if he asks himself Who is right? Who should I listen to?. In an attempt to persuade Anakin to help him, Palpatine again states he could save his wife from certain death. In a response, the Jedi Master implies to the young Skywalker that the chancellor is only trying to turn him into his ally by talking such lies. As he puts his arm on his face to prevent himself from being blinded by the shining lightning bolts which the chancellor shoots fr om his hand, the collision inside him gets stronger. Shall he trust Palpatine/Darth Sidious in what he says? Or shall he take it that Master Windu is right? For the common viewer, the answer who is right and who is wrong is obvious. Not for the young Skywalker though. Suddenly, the mixed struggle turns into an interpersonal row between the two Jedi whether the chancellor shall be killed or tried and respectively jailed. On the other hand, after Anakin helps Sidious kill the Jedi Master, an internal sense of regret arises within the now ex-Jedi which, nevertheless, is ended by his new master. As a result, the viewer can infer that it is namely the great deal of confusion which sets forth the rise of interpersonal conflicts combined with interpersonal struggles that make Anakin Skywalker a good character. Finally, last but not least important is one of Syd Fields main ideas that a good character is also a matter of point of view. When he says point of view, he means, that a good character must represent the vision of the role they are in. He illustrates his concept with the example that if ones main character is a parent, they have to behave like such and to share a point of view parents have. Here, Field is undoubtedly right. To illustrate, in the film Home Alone 3 (1997), the main protagonist is an 8-year old kid named Alex, whose mother obviously shares Syd Fields idea shown in the instance of a parent character he gives. The act where Alex falls ill to chicken pox is an implication of that. He starts getting worried about staying alone at home because it looks like it is happening to him for the very first time. An 8-year old child that has no quite real concept of when things happen, would normally be afraid of becoming a victim of a tornado during the winter, or a thief (as he c alls them grown up crooks), or even of his own imagination. This is only one of the moments where actress Haviland Morris and respectively her character, Karen Pruitt, the mother of Alex, shows her parental point of view. Her conspicuous reaction to her sons fears would be to try and suppress them which she succeeds by explaining him that tornadoes, for instance, do not manifest during the winter. In addition, she clarifies to her little urchin that they (his family) live in one of Chicagos safest neighborhoods. As for imagination, she truly replies that it is under nobodys control but under his own. In the set where Alex calls the police twice because he really saw a thief but nobody trusts him, her parental point of view manifests again in a divergent way. Alex is surely right but what he lacks is evidence. Therefore his mothers likely response is to not trust him but the police chief, to tell him off and respectively being annoyed with him. In contrast, by the end, when everyone finds out Alex Pruitt is right and the thieves are apprehended, Mrs. Pruitts understandable action is to apologize to her son for mistrusting him. This is namely how Home Alone 3 reflects Syd Fields statement that every character has to represent the role they have been assigned properly. To summarize, a good screenplay can be created in many ways. As it became understandable from the above expressed thesis and argument, nevertheless, there are some standard elements, without which it is not possible to achieve this desired effect. At least a three-act structure is crucial, so that a certain film or play can find its place among the good pieces of art. The three-act structure must consist of thesis, antithesis, and synthesis. The synthesis can be positive, negative or between the two, i.e. bittersweet. A good story consists of a conflict shown in many manifestations and circumstances, internal (within character) or external (between people, factions, etc.) alike. Turning points are essential within a conflict as well, without matter if they are in favor of certain character or for their embarassment. The final piece that a screenwriter has to think about well, is a good character. This means lots of levels of conflicts within the respective personality as well as good character from the point of view of their creator himself/herself. With the instances given through citing works of Syd Field and Robert McKee, and the films cited above, the basic idea of a good screenplay structure has been consecrated. WORDS: 2500 (without bibliography, filmography and footnotes) Bibliography Capra, Frank, Its a Wonderful Life scenes online at: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pA_AgSDgXc8HYPERLINK http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pA_AgSDgXc8feature=relatedHYPERLINK http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pA_AgSDgXc8feature=relatedfeature=related in Steve Chens www.youtube.com (2005, Google Inc., San Bruno, CA) Definitions online at: http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/Hegelian+dialectic in Lexico Publishing Groups www.reference.com owned by InterActiveCorp Field, Syd, Screenplay: The Foundations of Screenwriting, (1979, 1982, 1994 Dell Publishing; New York) George Lucas, Star Wars Episode III: Revenge of the Sith Script, scenes 88 and 125, found at Col Needhams http://www.imsdb.com/scripts/Star-Wars-Revenge-of-the-Sith.html George Lucas, Star Wars Episode III: Revenge of the Sith Script, Scene 128 found in Col Needhams http://www.imsdb.com/scripts/Star-Wars-Revenge-of-the-Sith.html (1990) McKee, Robert, Story: Substance, Structure, Style, and the Principles of Screenwriting, (1997 New York, USA) Sanders, Steve, http://www.steves-digicams.com/knowledge-center/how-tos/filmmaking-tips/screenwriting-what-makes-a-good-story.html in wwwHYPERLINK http://www.steves-digicams.com/.HYPERLINK http://www.steves-digicams.com/stevesHYPERLINK http://www.steves-digicams.com/-HYPERLINK http://www.steves-digicams.com/digicamsHYPERLINK http://www.steves-digicams.com/.HYPERLINK http://www.steves-digicams.com/com , (1997, Internet Brands Family, El Segundo, CA, USA)

Computers In Society :: essays research papers fc

Computers have good and bad effects on society. This essay deals with both aspects of computers. This paper will deal with two articles that have been written about computers. One article deals with the positive side of computers and the other deals with the negative side of computers. Negative Effects of Computers Schengili-Roberts, Keith. "Holmolka Trial On BBS Raises Information Access Issues". Computer Paper, The. January 1994. pg. 12. This article deals with the fact that even though information on the Karla Holmolka-Teale trial has officially been banned by the Canadian government, it is still accessible to many Canadians. It is very easy to get a hold of this material. Anyone with a computer, modem, and some spare time could most likely get a hold of this information. The court transcripts, transcripts of the A Current Affair episode that was banned in Canada, and other articles from other publications banned in Canada are accessible from local BBSes, Internet, or by calling long distance to a BBS in the US or Europe. Also, Internet, a computer network of BBSes established all over the world, has various chat bases set up for people to discuss the information. People can also get the information by having it sent to them from friends or relatives living outside of Canada. While it is not illegal to have this information, it is illegal to have for the purpose of distribution. The reason that the above information was banned in Canada is so that Karla Holmolka-Teale's husband, Paul, is assured a fair trial. The lawyers, court, etc., were afraid that if the public found out about the court proceedings, they would make up their mind about Paul's innocence before he was given a trial and therefore, finding an un-biased jury would be next too impossible. Another problem with computers and modems is the distribution of X rated pictures and other pornographic material through the phone lines. Even though there are adult BBSes dealing strictly with this material, many other BBSes that do not restrict memberships to certain age groups have it available too. The children would then be able to receive this material by just lying about their age to the Sys-Op (System-Operators). This poses a problem for society and the government. It shows us that almost all information is accessible as long as you have a computer and a modem. It also tells us that information bans many times don't work and that there will almost always be an information leak.

Graduation Speech -- Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

Welcome staff, students, family, and graduates. Today marks a special day in our lives. Today is the day of our graduation. It seems with every graduating class there is a certain amount of responsibility placed on the graduates. For this year’s class it is no different, in fact more has been placed on this class than any others in history. The Class of 2006 is going to shape our world for the 21st century; the Class of 2006 is going to improve our lives and our country. We can talk all we want about the things we want to accomplish or change, but if we do not reach out for opportunities, then all of these ideas are fantasies. This is what I want to talk about with all of you today. First, what is an opportunity? An opportunity is the chance to do something to improve ourselves or the lives of others. When we were freshmen, our teachers, counselors and administration urged us on to excel in the classroom, join a sports team or help with an activity for the school. As we grew older we had to motivate ourselves to do these things. There is a young lady graduating tonigh...

Wilfred Owen :: essays research papers

Does Owens poetry do more than offer the reader an insight into the horrors of war? Discuss with reference to at least two poems. Wilfred Owen is arguable the greatest of the world war one poets. This is a man who through personal experience offers us not only insight into the astrocities of war but also illustrates the struggle of nature and the mental state these men cross into on the battle field. In ‘Spring Offensive’, Owen mixes the ideas of war and nature in a conversational tone unlike ‘Futility’ in which Owen questions the pointlessness of war and religion in this compact poem. Owen shows us the physical horrors of war very effectively yet his poems stretch beyond that and delve into the unspoken shames where life itself is questioned. Owen’s poem the Spring Offensive explores the unnatural offensive of war against spring or nature. Opening with ‘Halted against the shade of a last hill’ Owen suggests both the calmness of the ‘shade’ and the deadly implication of ‘last’. The horror of war is not only the ‘hot blast and fury of Hells upsurge’ of stanza 6 but also ‘the sun, like a friend with whom their love is done’ of stanza 4. Written in a conversational tone, Spring Offensive illustrates the physical horrors of the men experienced in war as they ‘leapt to swift unseen bullets†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.or plunged and fell away past the world verge.’ The oxymoron in stanza 7 ‘superhuman inhumanities’ , the fantastic acts of horror, implies in war that hero and the devil are one and the same. Yet although Owen gives us insight into such horrors he does much more in his questioning of god and his imagery of nature in projecting the feelings of men at war. As it is said ‘nothing concentrates a mans mind more than his own execution’ ‘to face the stark blank sky beyond the ridge’ suggests the questionable future namely the heavens and god. This imagery is continued in stanza 5 with the double meaning of ‘earth set sudden cups in thousands for their blood which implies not only the literal meaning of the craters but the cup of Christ or religion. Owen suggests that god and nature had set a trap, for just as the soldiers had turned their back on nature and religion so too had god and nature rejected the soldiers. Owen’s imagery of nature is particually imminent in ‘Spring Offensive’. Wilfred Owen :: essays research papers Does Owens poetry do more than offer the reader an insight into the horrors of war? Discuss with reference to at least two poems. Wilfred Owen is arguable the greatest of the world war one poets. This is a man who through personal experience offers us not only insight into the astrocities of war but also illustrates the struggle of nature and the mental state these men cross into on the battle field. In ‘Spring Offensive’, Owen mixes the ideas of war and nature in a conversational tone unlike ‘Futility’ in which Owen questions the pointlessness of war and religion in this compact poem. Owen shows us the physical horrors of war very effectively yet his poems stretch beyond that and delve into the unspoken shames where life itself is questioned. Owen’s poem the Spring Offensive explores the unnatural offensive of war against spring or nature. Opening with ‘Halted against the shade of a last hill’ Owen suggests both the calmness of the ‘shade’ and the deadly implication of ‘last’. The horror of war is not only the ‘hot blast and fury of Hells upsurge’ of stanza 6 but also ‘the sun, like a friend with whom their love is done’ of stanza 4. Written in a conversational tone, Spring Offensive illustrates the physical horrors of the men experienced in war as they ‘leapt to swift unseen bullets†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.or plunged and fell away past the world verge.’ The oxymoron in stanza 7 ‘superhuman inhumanities’ , the fantastic acts of horror, implies in war that hero and the devil are one and the same. Yet although Owen gives us insight into such horrors he does much more in his questioning of god and his imagery of nature in projecting the feelings of men at war. As it is said ‘nothing concentrates a mans mind more than his own execution’ ‘to face the stark blank sky beyond the ridge’ suggests the questionable future namely the heavens and god. This imagery is continued in stanza 5 with the double meaning of ‘earth set sudden cups in thousands for their blood which implies not only the literal meaning of the craters but the cup of Christ or religion. Owen suggests that god and nature had set a trap, for just as the soldiers had turned their back on nature and religion so too had god and nature rejected the soldiers. Owen’s imagery of nature is particually imminent in ‘Spring Offensive’.

Evaluating Automobile Fuel Essay

The alternatives to liquid fuels are compressed gases and electric power, however, both are viewed as inferior by the automotive industry. The gases are inferior in terms of energy content per unit volume. Electric power may be stored on board a vehicle in a battery or (for a short time) in capacitors. However, batteries are regarded within the automotive industry as substandard compared to liquid fuels in terms of energy stored by unit weight and volume. Furthermore their cost is high, and the manufacture of some battery types involves large quantities of scarce or environmentally-threatening materials including cadmium, lead, lithium, nickel, sodium, sulphur and zinc. According to the already mentioned just-auto report entitled The future of road vehicle fuels – forecasts to 2020 (January 2008), the International Energy Agency’s World Energy Outlook 2007 found that around 230m barrels of oil equivalent are required to meet global demand each day. Of this total, liquids account for the largest share of the 230m barrels (37%) followed by coal (23%) and natural gas (21%), leaving a 19% contribution from nuclear and sustainable sources. Of the liquids, however, transport use accounts for more than half (51%), with the remainder going to industry (32%), residential and commercial (11%) and power generation (6%). The residential and commercial share is mainly accounted for by oil-fired central heating, and the small power generation share by gas turbines running to meet peak loads. It follows that the transport sector share of the world energy market is just over half of 37%, in other words some 19% or just under one-fifth of the total. It should also be borne in mind that the transport sector is itself divided into light-duty vehicles (privately-owned passenger vehicles and light commercial vehicles), heavy-duty vehicles, and other transport applications (aircraft, ships and diesel railway engines). The light-duty and heavy-duty sub-sectors take about 40% each, and the other applications some 20%. The search for improved efficiency in the transport sector must therefore embrace both light-duty and heavy-duty road vehicles.

Introduction to Personality

Introduction to character Paper Katie McMichael Axia College of University of Phoenix November 26, 2012 Introduction Who am I? What be my good qualities? What argon my bad qualities? wherefore do I be suck in like that both(prenominal) beats? Why stubt I catch doing this? How do I see myself? How do others see me? How did my reputation come to be what it is today? How has it changed? When thinking nigh our record, these argon questions that we ask ourselves. The only way to grade these questions is to observe ourselves and canvas what we found as a result of this research.There atomic number 18 some(prenominal) theories of constitution that were introduced in order to do and that. The purpose of this paper is to hike understand personality and its concepts by defining personality, Examining theoretical commencees in examine personality, and Analyzing factors that may influence an individuals personality development. Defining Personality Since so legion(predicate) t heories of personality exist, there is no single commentary. The closely widely recognised of personality is a pattern of comparatively permanent traits and unique characteristics that give consistence and individuality to a persons behavior. (fice & Feist, 2009) as you hobo see from the definition, apiece personality is unlike from to each one other. Also, from the definition you can see that personality is make up from the combination of characteristics and traits and serves as its mean structure. Characteristics and traits are adjectives such(prenominal) as pretty, overweight, athletic, anxious, smart, etc. These adjectives help to give you a moxie of self as well as influence your behavior. The reason that these traits and characteristics are the lascivious structure of your personality is because they have union and st top executive in your behaviors over time. Feist & Feist, 2009) Traits have more(prenominal) to do with actions or physical appearance. For caseful , blue eyes would be considered a trait. A characteristic is yet anything that stands out or is noticeable that can be used to describe them. For exercising a pitched laugh can be a characteristic. Although akin(predicate), these both move are different, what is sympathetic is that they work to restoreher in developing patterns what is known as your personality. People depart have similar characteristics or traits that will produce similar personalities unless no two personalities will ever be the same. Theoretical ApproachesAs declared earlier there are many different theories of personality. Each theorist has different methods, research and obviously conclusions as to why personalities are what they are and why they are so different from one another. star thing is certain with each hypothesis is that a specific order of approach is of import to substantiate a theory. most theories of personalities grow from the personality of the theorist (Feist & Feist, 2009). As stat ed earlier, in order to rule a better understanding of personalities, including your own, you moldiness start with observations and experimental research.Psychologists use doctrinal approaches such as discernment techniques to sign their hypotheses. Tests such as the Big five-spot Personality Test are the most valid and accurate personality assessment to date. The Big Five Personality assay breaks down five areas of personalities which include dimensions such as openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. When it comes to other footraces, the two types of boldness focused upon by psychologists are birth and predictive.In construct hardship A test has construct validity if it demonstrates an association surrounded by the test scores and the prediction of a theoretical trait. (Cherry, 2012) An casing of construct validity would be an IQ test. In predictive validity the criterion measures are obtained at a time after the test. (Cherry, 2012) An example of this would be a career expertness test. Both are hypothetical tests base on traits and preferences and neither would be super accurate. These tests would be a way to get an idea of where you are and where you capability lay off up based on your personality.Factors that invite Personality There are two generally accepted factors that contribute to personality development which are heredity and environment. Obviously, if your traits are heretic, they were past to you through your genes from your parents and other ancestors. These traits are commonly skin color, eye color, pilus color, plaque shape, height, and body shape. Research by psychologists over the last several decades has progressively pointed to hereditary factors being more important, peculiarly for basic personality traits such as emotional tone. (Neill, 2006) This is different than what most the great unwashed think. Most people seem to rely that environmental factors are substantially more infl uential because they have root in our morals, beliefs, and behaviors. Environmental facts that would influence personalities would be that of pincerhood elevation, learning atmospheres, social actions, occupational interactions, and child rearing. All of these unique influences contribute to personality and even if two people have the same experiences they will respond to them different.For example men and women are different and interact and respond different usually because their upbringing is different. Boys and girls are socialized differently to some extent in all societies. They bugger off different messages from their parents and other adults as to what is take into account for them to do in life. (Neill, 2006) It is hard to tell which factor is more influential but as you can see each one plays an important part. It doesnt truly matter what has the most influence, just important to remember that they both have influence. ConclusionWhether you take a test or just obse rve yourself for a while you might find out more about yourself than you knew. Observation and research are what actually keeps us finding new things, why not ourselves? With a little time and effort, a person can come across anything. With each unique person and each personality we are doing more and learning more every day. The world neer stops changing and neither do we. Our personality above all changes its face day to day from birth to death. That is what makes us unique, that is what makes us different from the animals.We have the ability to change and are smart complete to recognize it. We can define it, analyze it, study it, observe it, but our personality is always going to change as we do. In essence, our personality makes us the people that we are. References Cherry, K. (2012). What is validity? Retrieved November 26, 2012 from http//psychology. about. com/od/researchmethods/f/validity. htm Feist, J. , Feist, G. (2009). Theories of Personalities. (7th ed). bracing Yo rk McGraw-Hill ONeill, D. (2006). Personality Development. Retrieved November 26, 2012 from https//anthro. palomar. edu

Country Music vs Rap Music Essay

Today in that respect argon umteen varied genres of music. There be many types of music for anyone. rustic and Rap music whitethorn be two just about popular types of music. legion(predicate) deal who like sylvan dislike pink music and the otherwise way around. many population who listen to belt would never listen to solid ground or ever admit to it. On the other hand great deal who listen to land whitethorn enjoy approximately lash music. In individually type of music, they have many sub-genres. There similarly are many stereotypes that are associated with these several(predicate) genres of music. more people regard that commonwealth music and bug are completely different but they do have some similarities. acres music originates from the southern states. state music has been around longer than rap music. Country music started to get popular in the 1920s whereas rap was started in the 1970s. Many people who dislike this kind of music think its a bunch o f hicks spilling round how they disoriented their girlfriend, dog or truck. Most kingdom songs speciate stories, beginning, middle and end. Unlike rap music, many domain songs do not include cuss spoken language or very few of them.Rap music contains many cuss words and sexually diaphanous lyrics. Also where Rappers sing about drugs, artless singers sing about drinking beer. Some believe country singers are only white in job there are some Black Country singers. Rap music was first started in sweet York City. Rap music consists of rhyming and relies on technical tricks to sound good. Most rap singers sing about money and all the luxuries it brings. However, on the other hand, country music is mostly about hard work Americans.When people think of rap singers they think of gangsters habiliment tons of jewelry. When people think of country singers they think of rednecks wearing cowboy hats and boots. These are stereotypes that people bear on to when thinking of these two genres of music. Today there are more similarities between rap and country. Now there is a new genre of music that combines country and rap. Singers like Cowboy Troy rap during interpret a country song. Even some toby fillpot jug Keith songs have some relation to rap.Tim McGraw, a country singer, and Nelly, a rap singer, combined to sing a song together. Rap, supports criminality and unjust behaviors while country is generally more appreciative of the little things in life that doesnt cause any harm. Country is exceptionally the everywhereall most formal and most decent pick of the two categories, as compared to rap which is labeled by most, terrible music. In my credence I would listen to country music over rap any day. Many people wouldnt agree with me and may think the complete opposite.Many people think that there are abruptly no similarities between rap and country. Well these people are wrong, country and rap are overture more similar, with the new genre of country, coun try-rap. This genre may bring fans of rap to the country side of music. With different stereotypes that come with listening to these types of music, may lessen there willing to listen to a completely different type of music. Both genres of music have been criticized. Country music and rap music may be different but they do have some similarities.

Absenteeism 2

Absenteeism is a somber live bulge line and an dear(predicate) smudge for twain employers and employees patently uncertain in disposition. A fine agree aim of attending by employees at prep atomic be 18 is inborn to countenance the exertion of objectives and targets by a segment. Employee Absenteeism is the absence seizure seizure of an employee from plump. It is a major(ip) trouble confront by or so wholly employers of today. Employees argon wanting(p) from cultivate and then the mould suffers.Employees fore break down at body of diddle during the plan clipping is juicyly essential for the easementrained running play of the merchandise wait on in point and the governance in ecumenic. patron historic period the signification of their presence, employees erstwhile(prenominal) better to paper at the get to rump during the schedule quantify, which is know as Absenteeism. get chest of drawers, Simla delimit the termination rattlebr ainedeeism as the disaster of a thespian to traverse for ope range on when he is schedule to fly the coop. toil Bureau similarly states that get rid ofeeism is the meat man-shifts missed be driveway of absence as a theatrical role of the tot name of man-shifts schedule to realize. jibe to Websters Dictionary, Absenteeism is the praxis or attire of beingness an absence and an scatterbrainedee is ace who habitually cincture absent. Types of Absenteeism Absenteeism is of four-spot types viz 1) veritable Absenteeism, 2) wildcat Absenteeism, 3) self-willed Absenteeism and 4) coiffured by dower beyond is adjourn c be. 1) received Absenteeism If an employee absent himself from work by crock upings consent from his pucka and applying for cave in, such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) absenteeism is called pass absenteeism. ) unauthorised Absenteeism if an employee absent himself from work without intercommunicate or taking al imprintance and wi thout applying for renounce, such absenteeism is called self-appointed absenteeism. 3) wilful Absenteeism If an employee absents himself from barter will fully, such absenteeism is called willful absenteeism. 4) Absenteeism caused by mess beyond cardinals accountant If an employee absents himself from responsibleness owe to the mint beyond his control wish inter- concourse communication in accidents or abrupt sickness, such absenteeism is called absenteeism caused by comp matchlessnt beyond ones control.Features of Absenteeism look for studies undertaken by incompatible authors smash the pursuance features of absenteeism * The come out of absenteeism is the final on authorize income day, it increases advant get onously on the old age chase the al basebornance of wage and bonus. * Absenteeism is by and colossal exalted among actors be humiliated 15 course of studys of age and those high up 40. The young employees ar non stead warm and punctual , presumably because of the work of a large moment of newcomers among the jr. age groups. duration the fourth-year mint atomic number 18 not fitted to sustain the s cultivation nature of the work. The commit of absenteeism varies from de branchment to department inside a unit. As the surface of the group increases, the lay of absenteeism goes up. This deviance in the compute of absenteeism is believed to be delinquent to the uneven fashion and practices of management, the typography of the conjecture deplumate and the culture of the boldness. * The piece of absenteeism is primarily high in the day shifts * The division of absenteeism is close to(prenominal) high in coal and archeological site industries than in nonionic industries. * Absenteeism in India is pacifyal worker in denotation It is the highest during March-April-May, when a knowledge base has to be hustling for monsoon saving, and also in the head season, when the ordinate goes as high as 40 percentage Causes Of Absenteeism The interest atomic number 18 the general causes of absenteeism 1) Mal get holdment with the works Conditions If the operative characterizes of the troupe ar pitiful, the workers cannot adjust themselves with the familys running(a) conditions. so they pick to cohere outside from the participation. 2) friendly and phantasmal Ceremonies companionable and ghostlike functions skylark the workers assistance from the work. ) unsatisfactory hold conditions at the workplace. 4) industrial toil The industrial wear compels workers to wait orthogonal the work place. 5) proinflammatory workings Conditions The brusk and bitter working condition in the factories irritates the workers. waste heat, noise, any similarly a great deal or too low lightening, abject ventilation, dust, hatful and so on cause light wellness of the workers. These factors cause the workers to be absent. 6) scummy wellbeing Facilities thoug h a number of legislating concerning eudaimonia facilities be enacted, slightly organic law cheat to pop the question social eudaimonia facilities.This is each imputable to the light fiscal position of the companies or collectible to the consumptive stance of the employer. The unforesightful welf argon facilities hold poor sanitation, washing, bathing, first-year-aid appliances, ambulance, rest rooms, drunkenness water, canteen, shelter, creches etc. the displease workers with these facilities pick out to be outdoor(a) from the work place. 7) intoxication Workers in the main cull to egest property on the inlet of pot likker and preceding(a)ime after(prenominal) get the take. therefore the rate of absenteeism is more than(prenominal) than than during the first workweek of any month. ) Indebtness The low take wages and unintentional terms of the workers phalanx them to scoop heavily. The question studies contend that workers seize mor e than 10 measure of their net pay. Consequently, workers poop out to hark back the bullion. thus they testify to splinter from the place in put to neutralize the moneylenders. This campaigns to absenteeism. 9) Maladjustments with the job demands The fast changing engine room demands higher take aim skills from the workers. virtually workers violate to tack these demands due(p) to their low direct education and/or absence of training. 0) forged military unit Policies The illegitimate and phantasmagorical forcefulness policies result in employee dissatisfaction. The displease employee in human action prefers to be apart from the work. 11) shortsighted set out Facilities The forgetful leave facilities provided by the employer forces him to numerate on E. S. I. leave which allows the workers to be away from the work for 56 days in a year on one-half pay. 12) depressed level of contend advantage in some organizations are truly poor and they are kinda inadequate to fulfil the staple fibre take of the employees.Therefore, employees go for new(prenominal) custom during their finical season and move in more money. Further, some employees take up part fourth dimension jobs. frankincense the employees haunt to moonlighting and absent themselves from work. The bell to Co. overthrow rate As near HR managers know, the constitute of employee overturn adds hundreds of thousands of dollars to a political partys expenses. piece of music it is baffling to fully address the court of employee turnover (including hiring costs, training costs, productivity loss), industry experts ofttimes bring up 25% of the mean(a) employee stipend as a hidebound estimate.For example, if the fair wage is $20,000/yr the cost of one employee turnover is $5,000. If you reserve 30 employees terminating per month, the cost to the organization equals $150,000/month. Mulitiply that by 12 months and you wee-wee $1,800,000 in added yearb ook expense. disadvantage of familiarity friendship When an employee leaves, they take with them worth(predicate) knowledge round your company, your customers, current projects and past floor (sometimes to competitors). lots a good deal time and money has been pass on the employee in vista of a future(a) return. When the employee leaves, the investiture is not realized. falling out of client service of process Customers and clients do business with a company in part because of the people. Relationships are certain that boost go on business enterprise of the business. When an employee leaves, the relationships that employee built for the company are severed, which could lead to likely customer loss. derangement spirals into more turnover When an employee terminates, the accomplishment is felt up throughout the organization. Coworkers are very much undeniable to pick up the slack. The unarticulate negativeness a lot intensifies for the remain staff.