Black Market Drugs Essay

Barbiturate and amphetamine addiction continues to cause ca ingestion for national concern. Each year hundreds of thousands of pills manage to slip into the dreary market and ar sold illegally, often to young peck. Some observers, including the compass point of a congressional crime committee that spent two eld probing the problem of illegal medicate trafficking, study that the dose manuf locomoteurers apprizenot be blamed if their products atomic number 18 entrap to mongrel use. Do medicine manuf inciteurers train any clean responsibility to ensure that their products are not put to such use?In this paper I am termination to discuss the six different ethical theories, including utilitarianism, kantian ethical motive, natural justice possibleness, sexual exampleity theory, charge morality, and symphonology. The graduation exercise theory that will be discussed is utilitarianism. Utilitarianism is the clean doctrine that we should always act to produce the sterling(prenominal) possible holdment of good all over bad for e rattling cardinal affected by our put to deaths. The basic doctrine of utilitarianism is The Principle of Utility or The Greatest Happiness Principle, Itht states that we ought to do that which produces the greatest tally of happiness for the greatest number of people.In regard to the illegal use of prescription(prenominal) drugs, drug manu bitures do have a chaste responsibility to ensure that their products are not put to such use. Utilitarianism provides an accusative way to resolve conflicts of self-interest and encourages a realistic and result oriented approach to incorrupt decision making. Using the utilitarian theory, the greatest amount of happiness for the greatest number of people, is a challenge.If you were simply listening to the oecumenical public which is filled with hundreds of thousands of users they would say that the drug manufacnturers have no obligation hitchting affect because they know that if drug manufacturers did get involved that would make it more difficult for the users to obtain these drugs. If you load tidy sum a poll of drug users family members, close friends, and anyone who may have had a prescription drug problem they would say that the drug manufactures requisite to get involved to make it more difficult for the users, especially minors, to get their hands on these drugs.The greatest amount of good would come astir(predicate) whole if the people who truly needed these drugs for the purpose in which they were designed apply them and the drugs were not universe sold on the black market. Drug manufacturers should get involved at some level to regulate this home simply they should be held responsible for what happens when they land on the shelves of the terminals. At that point, it is the stores responsibility. The manufacturers and store owners both have a moral responsibility. Second is Kantian ethics. Kant believed that moral rules tin, in pattern, be known as a result of dry land alone and are not based on observation.Kant held that only when we act from handicraft does our implement have moral worth. Good will is the only thing that is good in itself. His categorical imperative states that an action is virtuously in force(p) if and only if we can will that the maxim (or article of faith) represented by our action be a universal police push up. in that location are leash alternative formulations of the categorical imperative, the first two are the primary formulations. The first is that an act is right only if the actor would be willing to be so treated if the positions of the parties were reversed.The second is that one must always act so as to treat early(a) people as ends, neer merely as intends. The third is the importance of motivation and of acting on principle, it is not enough to just do the right thing an action has moral worth only if its assumee from a sense of duty that is, from a desire to do the right thing for its own sake. Kants ethics gives us soused commonplaces that do not depend on results, it injects a humanistic division into moral decision making and stresses the importance of acting on principle and from a sense of duty.With regard to the fact that a congressional crime committee thinks that drug manufacturers cannot be blamed if their products are put to illegitimate use would be ridiculous. According to Kant, moral rules can be known as a result of reason alone and are not based on observation. The facts show that there is an ever growing problem with black market drugs and the drug manufactures need to do something to help tally this growing epidemic. thus far though the drug manufacturers may not agree with what is happening with their drugs, all they see are dollars signs and the more people who smear their drug equals more money for them.Kant would want them to act on the principle that their drug is injuryful to people taking advanta ge of the high they can get from it. The drug manufacturers need to be held middling responsible for what is breathing out on right in front of their eyes. deuce-ace is natural law theory. The essence of natural law theory is that we should throw out the inherent ends of human nature and not frustrate human fulfillment. There are 3 tenets in natural law theory. These tenets provide the gist and the basis of the theory. ) moral law is accessible to human reason 2) moral law is based on human nature 3) moral law is universally applicable. In other words, natural moral law is cognoscible by human reason, applies to all human bes, and is grounded in human nature. indwelling law theory is very appealing since it has objective moral determine and it equates good with human flourishing. According to the natural law theory you should neer interfere with human flourishing. Drug manufactures recognize that when used improperly their drugs can be very harmful, so they put warning lab els on the bottles. wherefore then do they know that their drugs are being used out of wedlock and do nothing virtually it? According to natural law theory you should not frustrate human fulfillment but in this situation you need to get in betwixt the people who are addicts and not allow them to add to their addictive ways. If nothing is done by the drug manufactures there will be no human flourishing which is the of import principle of the natural law theory. If people keep abusing these prescription drugs and the drug manufacturers dont do anything these people will eventually gnarl of an overdose or other drug related causes.Natural law theory has objective moral values and with this situation, the moral values should by all odds come into play with the drug manufacturers and they need to take moral responsibility for what is happening. Fourth is virtue theory. Virtue theory describes the role of a moral agent as a driving force for ethical behavior, rather than rules, cons equentialism, or social context, which derives rightness or unworthiness from the outcome of the act itself rather than character. The virtue theory derives the golden mean which is the desirable middle between two extremes, one of excess and the other of deficiency.Virtue ethics is all about the human character. The drug manufacturing companies need to realize that what is happening is unethical and is reflecting upon them. People are looking at them to make the corrections and to step in and change something so that this subject area doesnt progress into something bigger than it already is. Virtue ethics is about the human character, even though these companies arent human per say, they affect the lives of legion(predicate) humans and a lot of people are being harmed by what is going on behind the walls of drug manufacturers.The drug manufacturing companies should be held virtuously responsible for the illegitimate use of these drugs. I dont believe that there is directly anyth ing they can do to stop the illegitimate use of the drugs but they can step in and do something to make the drugs slight readily available to purchase and consume how they were originally intended to be consumed. Fifth is care ethics, which provides a balance for the one-sided traditional ethics of the impersonal and the universal, for it promotes the connectedness of humans.With care ethics the primary moral obligation is to prevent harm and help people. It is concerned with relatedness. The ethics of care is a normative ethical theory often considered a type of virtue ethics. Virtue ethics emphasizes the importance of human relationships and emotion based virtues. With care ethics drug manufacturers definitely have a moral responsibility to ensue that their products are not put to illegitimate use. Care ethics is all about preventing harm and helping people, which is exactly what the drug manufacturers need to do.They need to step in and put their foot down. These actions cannot continue to happen, it is causing so much harm and it not helping anyone. These drugs were intended to be used in one way and the fact that they are being used in a completely different way is chastely wrong in itself, but the fact that the manufacturers know that this is happening and nothing is being done is another issue. If they were to step in hopefully that would late down and eventually stop this growing epidemic. They need to focus on the barroom of harm to people who abuse their product.Sixth is symphonology, which is based on the presumption that an agreement exists between all rational beings. These agreements are contingent upon the bioethical standards of fidelity, beneficence, objectivity, self-assertiveness, emancipation and autonomy. Symphonology is based off of the bioethical standards which are, fidelity is adherence to the terms of the agreement. It federal agency obedience or commitment or promise to uphold the agreement. Objectivity is a persons capacit y to be aware of things as they are and to be able to act on this awareness.Beneficence means to do good at least do no harm. Freedom means to act supremely. It is a persons capacity to take independent action based on his own evaluation of the situation. Self-Assertion or privacy is a persons power to control his own time and effort, it is self-ownership. Autonomy is the essential character structure of an individual person. The drug manufacturing companies need to abide by the bioethical standards in order to take moral responsibility for the drug epidemic that is occurring in our nation today. Will they do that? Probably not.Symphonology states that an agreement exists between all rational beings, if the drug manufacturing companies dont take moral responsibility for the drug problem going on there will never be an agreement between the people who know what is going on and want to do something about it and the addicts themselves. The theories that I believe best answer the dilem ma are Kantian ethics and also care ethics. Kants ethics gives us firm standards that do not depend on results it injects a humanistic element into moral decision making and stresses the importance of acting on principle and from a sense of duty.With regards the drug manufacturers being held morally responsible for the every growing illegitimate usage of the drugs using Kants ethics they would need to think more humanistic and make the morally right decision which would be to step in and take action with the drug problem. Even though they cant completely stop the illegal usage of their drugs the manufacturers can set regulations so that only certain people can get their hands on the drugs. The second theory that best answers the dilemma is care ethics. Care ethics is all about preventing harm and helping people. That is exactly what the manufacturing companies need to be doing.There are so many different approaches that they could take to slow down and stop this problem. They could use different ingredients so that they dont have the harmful affects on people or the addictive qualities. The congressional crime committee that said that the drug manufacturers cannot be blamed if their products are put to illegitimate use, is absurd. They should absolutely be held responsible. If these companies used care ethics they would be overstepning a morally intemperate and ever growing drug manufacturing company, instead of being scrutinized because their drugs are being sold illegally on the black market and are very addictive.Even though these companies arent actual humans and they dont have feelings or morals like a human will, they are run by people and it is up to those people to make the right decisions. With care ethics these people can guide their company in the right direction and abide by the care ethics standard which is to prevent harm and help people. I believe with care ethics and with Kantian ethics the companies should be held morally responsible and the y will over achieve every obstacle put in their way and run a morally successful company.